Yukatek
| Yukatek | |
| Maya mayaʼ tʼàan | |
| Talas i |  Mexiko Belize Guatemala |
|---|---|
| Region | Yucatánhalvön |
| Antal talare | < 1 miljon |
| Språkfamilj | Mayaspråk
|
| latinska alfabetet | |
| Officiell status | |
| Officiellt språk i | Mexiko |
| Språkmyndighet | INALI |
| Språkkoder | |
| ISO 639-3 | yua |
| SIL | yua |
 Regionen där yukatek talas i. | |
Talat yukatek
En tvåspråkig skylt i en vårdcentral
Yukatek (även yucatek eller maya) är ett mayaspråk som talas främst på Yucatánhalvön, i Mexiko, Belize och Guatemala.[1][2] Enligt Mexikos folkräkningen 2010 talades språket av 786 113 personer.[3]
Radionätverket Sistema de Radiodifusoras Culturales Indigenistas har flera lokala kanaler med sändningar på yukatek.
Fonologi
Konsonanter
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Klusil | norm. | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| Ejektiv | p' | t' | k' | |||
| Implosiv | ɓ | |||||
| Frikativ | s | ʃ | x | h | ||
| Affrikat | norm. | ts | tʃ | |||
| Ejektiv | ts' | tʃ' | ||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||
| Tremulant | r | |||||
Källa:[4]
Vokaler
| Främre | Bakre | |
|---|---|---|
| Sluten | i | u |
| Halvöppen | e | o |
| Öppen | a |
Källa:[4]
Skriftspråket
Traditionellt har yukatek skrivits med hieroglyfer men efter conquistadorerna besegrade regionen under 1500–1600-talet, började man använda latinska alfabetet.[5]. Mayaskriften avkrypterades på 1950-talet.[6]
I dagens läge används bara latinska alfabetet.[7]
Källor
- ^ Lewis, M. Paul (red.) (2009). ”Maya Yukatek” (på engelska). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=yua. Läst 8 december 2020.
- ^ ”Glottolog 4.3 - Yucatec Maya”. glottolog.org. https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/yuca1254. Läst 31 januari 2021.
- ^ ”México. Lenguas indígenas nacionales en riesgo de desaparición” (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas (INALI). 2012. sid. 22. https://site.inali.gob.mx/pdf/libro_lenguas_indigenas_nacionales_en_riesgo_de_desaparicion.pdf. Läst 1 februari 2021.
- ^ [a b] ”Yucatec Maya language, alphabet and pronunciation”. omniglot.com. https://omniglot.com/writing/yucatec.htm. Läst 31 januari 2021.
- ^ ”Yucatec language” (på engelska). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yucatec-language. Läst 31 januari 2021.
- ^ ”Mayan hieroglyphic writing” (på engelska). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mayan-hieroglyphic-writing. Läst 31 januari 2021.
- ^ ”ScriptSource - Yucatec Maya written with Latin script”. scriptsource.org. https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=wrSys_detail&key=yua-Latn. Läst 31 januari 2021.
Media som används på denna webbplats
Sala de espera en maya yucateco.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Addicted04, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Waiting room in spanish and yucatec maya, in a health care unity, in Yucatan.
Författare/Upphovsman: Addicted04, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Waiting room in spanish and yucatec maya, in a health care unity, in Yucatan.
Yucatec map.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Noahedits, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Map of Yucatec Maya speaking areas Denna fil bygger på: Mayan languages map.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Noahedits, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Map of Yucatec Maya speaking areas Denna fil bygger på: Mayan languages map.svg
WIKITONGUES- Manuel speaking Yucatecan.webm
Författare/Upphovsman: Wikitongues, Nat Pendleton, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
This video was recorded by Nat Pendleton and features Yuatecan speaker Manuel Poot. Yuatecan, also known as Peninsular Maya or Yucutan Maya, was spoken by roughly 735,000 people in Mexico as of 2000, with an international population totaling more than 766,000. Yuatecan belongs to the Yuatecan-Core branch of the Mayan language family spoken in Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala. The Yuatecan branch is divided into Mopan-Itza and Yucatac-Lacandon languages, forming a closely linked grouping that nevertheless presents difficulties in comprehension--therefore Mopan-Itza and Yucatac-Lacandon are not quite mutually intelligible. Yucatec Maya, known simply as 'Maya' to its speakers, is the most widely spoken Mayan language in Mexico, whereas Lacandón is spoken by about 1,000 speakers in a few villages surrounding Selva Lacandona in Chiapas. Whereas Proto-Mayan possessed a strict CVC syllable structure (allowing consonant clusters only across syllable boundaries), many Mayan languages now contain complex consonant clusters due to vowel loss. Yuatec is one of four contemporary Mayan languages that make use of tone, although each differs in its implementation.
Författare/Upphovsman: Wikitongues, Nat Pendleton, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
This video was recorded by Nat Pendleton and features Yuatecan speaker Manuel Poot. Yuatecan, also known as Peninsular Maya or Yucutan Maya, was spoken by roughly 735,000 people in Mexico as of 2000, with an international population totaling more than 766,000. Yuatecan belongs to the Yuatecan-Core branch of the Mayan language family spoken in Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala. The Yuatecan branch is divided into Mopan-Itza and Yucatac-Lacandon languages, forming a closely linked grouping that nevertheless presents difficulties in comprehension--therefore Mopan-Itza and Yucatac-Lacandon are not quite mutually intelligible. Yucatec Maya, known simply as 'Maya' to its speakers, is the most widely spoken Mayan language in Mexico, whereas Lacandón is spoken by about 1,000 speakers in a few villages surrounding Selva Lacandona in Chiapas. Whereas Proto-Mayan possessed a strict CVC syllable structure (allowing consonant clusters only across syllable boundaries), many Mayan languages now contain complex consonant clusters due to vowel loss. Yuatec is one of four contemporary Mayan languages that make use of tone, although each differs in its implementation.