Unionsblockaden
Unionsblockaden, eller Blockaden av Syd, ägde rum mellan 1861 och 1865 under amerikanska inbördeskriget när Unionsflottan upprätthöll en hård blockad mot Amerikas konfedererade stater på Atlanten och Gulfkusten. Den var utformad för att förhindra passage av handelsvaror och förnödenheter samt vapen till och från konfederationen. Fartyg som försökte kringgå blockaden, så kallade blockadlöpare, var mest nybyggda och höghastighetsfartyg med liten lastkapacitet. De opererades av britterna (med Royal Navy-officerare på permission) och gick mellan de av konfederationen kontrollerade hamnar och neutrala hamnar i Havanna, Kuba; Nassau, Bahamas och Bermuda, där brittiska leverantörer hade satt upp försörjningsbaser.
President Abraham Lincoln proklamerade blockaden den 19 april 1861. Hans strategi, en del av general Winfield Scotts Anaconda-plan, krävde förslutning av 5 600 km av konfederationens kust och tolv större hamnar, inklusive New Orleans, Louisiana och Mobile, Alabama, de två största hamnarna av bomullsexport före krigsutbrottet, liksom Atlanthamnar som Richmond, Virginia, Charleston, South Carolina, Savannah, Georgia och Wilmington, North Carolina.[1] I detta syfte tog unionen 500 fartyg i tjänst som förstörde eller erövrade omkring 1 500 blockadlöpare under krigsloppet. Fem av sex försök att kringgå blockaden var dock framgångsrika.[2] Blockadlöparna bar endast en liten del av den vanliga lasten.
Referenser
- ^ Greene, Jack (1998) (på engelska). Ironclads at War. Combined Publishing
- ^ ”Lincoln biography” (på engelska). Americanpresident.org. Arkiverad från originalet den 13 oktober 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061013104803/http://www.americanpresident.org/history/abrahamlincoln/biography/ForeignAffairs.common.shtml. Läst 8 juni 2010.
Externa länkar
- National Park Service listing of campaigns (engelska)
- Book review: Lifeline of the Confederacy (engelska)
- Unintended Consequences of Confederate Trade Legislation (engelska)
- The Hapless Anaconda: Union Blockade 1861–1865 (engelska)
- Sabine Pass and Galveston Were Successful Blockade-Running Ports By W. T. Block (engelska)
- Civil War Blockade Organization (engelska)
- David G. Surdam, Northern Naval Superiority and the Economics of the American Civil War ISBN 1-57003-407-9 (engelska)
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Media som används på denna webbplats
Scott's great snake. Cartoon map illustrating Gen. Winfield Scott's plan to crush the Confederacy, economically. It is sometimes called the "Anaconda plan."
- The tail of the snake is wrapped around the flagpole at Washington D.C., with U.S. flag and liberty cap.
- New York has winged cap of "FREE TRADE" and a colorful soldier from one of its Zouave regiments; ships are entering the port of New York (unlike the blockaded southern ports).
- New Jersey has "Trenton 76 + 61" written.
- Delaware has "Union Peaches" written.
- Maryland has "We give in MD" written.
- Virginia has beehive with Stars and Bars flag (representing Richmond) and burning railroad bridge.
- West Virginia (separated from Virginia by dotted line) has man flying U.S. flag and waving sword.
- North Carolina has sketch of a man eating from a barrel labeled "Rosin" with the caption "POOR EATING".
- South Carolina has "CONTRABANDS" (runaway slaves) fleeing for Tennessee.
- Georgia has dilapidated "COTTON FACTORY" building falling apart.
- Alabama is complaining "DAM OLD VIRGINIA TOOK OUR CAPITOL" (the Confederate capital was moved from Montgomery to Richmond).
- Mississippi has sketch of "BURNING MASSA OUT".
- Louisiana shows idle men lying on barrels saying "Can't ship now" and a lynched "UNION MAN" hanging from gallows.
- Texas has sketch of "COSTLY SHOOTING $1000.00 A HEAD" (a Confederate man firing at fleeing slaves).
- Indian Territory shows Indian smoking pipe in front of teepees, cradleboard hanging from tree in background.
- The head of the snake is in Missouri, driving "Jackson & Co." into Arkansas.
- "Kanzas"[sic] shows "Union Music" (sketch of advancing troops under U.S. flag).
- Iowa similarly shows "HAWK-EYE MARKSMEN" advancing.
- Illinois, Indiana and Ohio show corn, pork and wheat being speeded eastward by railroad. A cannon in southern Illinois (next to flagpole with U.S. flag) is pointed southwestward.
- Kentucky shows soldier with coonskin hat sitting on fence in name of "ARMED NUTRALITY"[sic].
- Eastern Tennessee (separated by a dotted line from the rest of the state) shows "KNOCKSVILLE WHIG" in pugilistic attitude, next to flagpole flying U.S. flag.
- There are several engraving errors (due to fact that the plate had to be engraved in mirror-image form): the dollar sign and the "S" of "South Carolina" are backwards.
