USA:s justitieminister
| USA:s justitieminister | |
 | |
| Titel | The Honorable |
|---|---|
| Säte | Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building, Washington, D.C. |
| Utses av | presidenten (med senatens råd och samtycke) |
| Underställd | Presidenten |
| Förste innehavare | Edmund Randolph |
| Inrättat | 1789 |
| Webbplats | www.justice.gov/ag |
USA:s justitieminister (engelska: United States Attorney General) är chef för USA:s justitiedepartement och nomineras av USA:s president. Det krävs senatens råd och samtycke innan presidenten kan utse någon.[1]. Huvudkontor ligger i Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building i Washington, D.C.. Justitieminister anses vara en av de mer prestigefyllda ministerposterna i USA:s kabinett och är nummer sju i presidentämbetets successionsordning.[2]
Ministerns närmaste medarbetare är Deputy Attorney General och Associate Attorney General, samt Solicitor General, vilken normalt företräder den federala statsmakten inför USA:s högsta domstol.[3][4][5] Justitieminister är chef för samtliga federala åklagare, om annat inte uttryckligen föreskrivs i lag.[6]
Även om det uttryckligen inte krävs någon juristexamen för att utses till justitieminister, så påbjuder sedvanan det, samt faktumet att det finns flera sektioner i federal lagstiftning som de facto förutsätter detsamma, bland annat rätten att personligen företräda den federala statsmakten i federal domstol[7], liksom skyldigheten att ge juridiska utlåtanden till presidenten och cheferna för andra regeringsdepartement, liksom till de civila cheferna för militärdepartementen.[8][9][10]
Den nuvarande justitieministern är Merrick Garland.
Lista över USA:s justitieministrar från 1789
| Federalist | Demokrat-republikan | Demokrat | Whig | Republikan |
| Nr | Bild | Justitieminister | Hemdelstat | Tillträdde | Avgick | Politiskt parti | President(er) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Edmund Randolph (1753–1813) | Virginia | 26 september 1789 | 26 januari 1794 | Federalisterna | George Washington | ||
| 2 | William Bradford (1755–1795) | Pennsylvania | 27 januari 1794 | 23 augusti 1795 † | Partilös | George Washington | ||
| 3 | Charles Lee (1758–1815) | Virginia | 10 december 1795 | 19 februari 1801 | Federalisterna | George Washington John Adams | ||
| 4 | Levi Lincoln (1749–1820) | Massachusetts | 5 mars 1801 | 2 mars 1805 | Demokrat-republikan | Thomas Jefferson | ||
| 5 | John Breckinridge (1760–1806) | Kentucky | 7 augusti 1805 | 14 december 1806 † | Demokrat-republikan | Thomas Jefferson | ||
| 6 | Caesar A. Rodney (1772–1824) | Delaware | 20 januari 1807 | 10 december 1811 | Demokrat-republikan | Thomas Jefferson James Madison | ||
| 7 | William Pinkney (1764–1822) | Maryland | 11 december 1811 | 9 februari 1814 | Demokrat-republikan | James Madison | ||
| 8 | Richard Rush (1780–1859) | Pennsylvania | 10 februari 1814 | 12 november 1817 | Federalisterna | James Madison | ||
| 9 | William Wirt (1772–1834) | Virginia | 13 november 1817 | 4 mars 1829 | Demokrat-republikan | James Monroe John Quincy Adams | ||
| 10 | John M. Berrien (1781–1856) | Georgia | 9 mars 1829 | 19 juli 1831 | Demokraterna | Andrew Jackson | ||
| 11 | Roger B. Taney (1777–1864) | Maryland | 20 juli 1831 | 14 november 1833 | Demokraterna | Andrew Jackson | ||
| 12 | Benjamin F. Butler (1795–1858) | New York | 15 november 1833 | 4 juli 1838 | Demokraterna | Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren | ||
| 13 | Felix Grundy (1777–1840) | Tennessee | 5 juli 1838 | 10 januari 1840 | Demokraterna | Martin Van Buren | ||
| 14 | Henry D. Gilpin (1801–1860) | Pennsylvania | 11 januari 1840 | 4 mars 1841 | Demokraterna | Martin Van Buren | ||
| 15 | John J. Crittenden (1786–1863) | Kentucky | 5 mars 1841 | 12 september 1841 | Whig | William Henry Harrison John Tyler | ||
| 16 | Hugh S. Legaré (1797–1843) | South Carolina | 13 september 1841 | 30 juni 1843 | Demokraterna | John Tyler | ||
| 17 | John Nelson (1791–1860) | Maryland | 1 juli 1843 | 4 mars 1845 | Whig | John Tyler | ||
| 18 | John Y. Mason (1799–1859) | Virginia | 5 mars 1845 | 16 oktober 1846 | Demokraterna | James K. Polk | ||
| 19 | Nathan Clifford (1803–1881) | Maine | 17 oktober 1846 | 17 mars 1848 | Demokraterna | James K. Polk | ||
| 20 | Isaac Toucey (1792–1869) | Connecticut | 21 juni 1848 | 4 mars 1849 | Demokraterna | James K. Polk | ||
| 21 | Reverdy Johnson (1796–1876) | Maryland | 8 mars 1849 | 21 juli 1850 | Whig | Zachary Taylor | ||
| 22 | John J. Crittenden (1786–1863) | Kentucky | 22 juli 1850 | 4 mars 1853 | Whig | Millard Fillmore | ||
| 23 | Caleb Cushing (1800–1879) | Massachusetts | 7 mars 1853 | 4 mars 1857 | Demokraterna | Franklin Pierce | ||
| 24 | Jeremiah S. Black (1810–1883) | Pennsylvania | 6 mars 1857 | 16 december 1860 | Demokraterna | James Buchanan | ||
| 25 | Edwin M. Stanton (1814–1869) | Pennsylvania | 20 december 1860 | 4 mars 1861 | Demokraterna | James Buchanan | ||
| 26 | Edward Bates (1793–1869) | Missouri | 5 mars 1861 | 24 november 1864 | Republikanerna | Abraham Lincoln | ||
| 27 | James Speed (1812–1887) | Kentucky | 2 december 1864 | 22 juli 1866 | Republikanerna | Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson | ||
| 28 | Henry Stanbery (1803–1881) | Ohio | 23 juli 1866 | 16 juli 1868 | Republikanerna | Andrew Johnson | ||
| 29 | William M. Evarts (1818–1901) | New York | 17 juli 1868 | 4 mars 1869 | Republikanerna | Andrew Johnson | ||
| 30 | Ebenezer R. Hoar (1830–1893) | Massachusetts | 5 mars 1869 | 22 november 1870 | Republikanerna | Ulysses S. Grant | ||
| 31 | Amos T. Akerman (1821–1880) | Georgia | 23 november 1870 | 13 december 1871 | Republikanerna | Ulysses S. Grant | ||
| 32 | George Henry Williams (1823–1910) | Oregon | 14 december 1871 | 25 april 1875 | Republikanerna | Ulysses S. Grant | ||
| 33 | Edwards Pierrepont (1817–1892) | New York | 26 april 1875 | 21 maj 1876 | Republikanerna | Ulysses S. Grant | ||
| 34 | Alphonso Taft (1810–1891) | Ohio | 22 maj 1876 | 4 mars 1877 | Republikanerna | Ulysses S. Grant | ||
| 35 | Charles Devens (1820–1891) | Massachusetts | 12 mars 1877 | 4 mars 1881 | Republikanerna | Rutherford B. Hayes | ||
| 36 | Wayne MacVeagh (1833–1917) | Pennsylvania | 5 mars 1881 | 15 december 1881 | Republikanerna | James Garfield | ||
| 37 | Benjamin H. Brewster (1816–1888) | Pennsylvania | 16 december 1881 | 4 mars 1885 | Republikanerna | Chester A. Arthur | ||
| 38 | Augustus Hill Garland (1832–1899) | Arkansas | 6 mars 1885 | 4 mars 1889 | Demokraterna | Grover Cleveland | ||
| 39 | William H.H. Miller (1840–1917) | Indiana | 7 mars 1889 | 4 mars 1893 | Republikanerna | Benjamin Harrison | ||
| 40 | Richard Olney (1835–1917) | Massachusetts | 6 mars 1893 | 7 april 1895 | Demokraterna | Grover Cleveland | ||
| 41 | Judson Harmon (1846–1927) | Ohio | 8 april 1895 | 4 mars 1897 | Demokraterna | Grover Cleveland | ||
| 42 | Joseph McKenna (1843–1926) | Kalifornien | 5 mars 1897 | 25 januari 1898 | Republikanerna | William McKinley | ||
| 43 | John W. Griggs (1849–1927) | New Jersey | 25 januari 1898 | 29 mars 1901 | Republikanerna | William McKinley | ||
| 44 | Philander C. Knox (1853–1921) | Pennsylvania | 5 april 1901 | 30 juni 1904 | Republikanerna | William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt | ||
| 45 | William Henry Moody (1853–1917) | Massachusetts | 1 juli 1904 | 17 december 1906 | Republikanerna | Theodore Roosevelt | ||
| 46 | Charles Joseph Bonaparte (1851–1921) | Maryland | 17 december 1906 | 4 mars 1909 | Republikanerna | Theodore Roosevelt | ||
| 47 | George W. Wickersham (1858–1936) | New York | 4 mars 1909 | 4 mars 1913 | Republikanerna | William Howard Taft | ||
| 48 | James Clark McReynolds (1862–1946) | Tennessee | 5 mars 1913 | 29 augusti 1914 | Republikanerna | Woodrow Wilson | ||
| 49 | Thomas Watt Gregory (1861–1933) | Texas | 29 augusti 1914 | 4 mars 1919 | Demokraterna | Woodrow Wilson | ||
| 50 | A. Mitchell Palmer (1872–1936) | Pennsylvania | 5 mars 1919 | 4 mars 1921 | Demokraterna | Woodrow Wilson | ||
| 51 | Harry M. Daugherty (1860–1941) | Ohio | 4 mars 1921 | 6 april 1924 | Republikanerna | Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge | ||
| 52 | Harlan Fiske Stone (1872–1946) | New York | 7 april 1924 | 1 mars 1925 | Republikanerna | Calvin Coolidge | ||
| 53 | John G. Sargent (1860–1939) | Vermont | 7 mars 1925 | 4 mars 1929 | Republikanerna | Calvin Coolidge | ||
| 54 | William D. Mitchell (1874–1955) | Minnesota | 4 mars 1929 | 4 mars 1933 | Demokraterna | Herbert Hoover | ||
| 55 | Homer S. Cummings (1870–1956) | Connecticut | 4 mars 1933 | 1 januari 1939 | Demokraterna | Franklin D. Roosevelt | ||
| 56 | Frank Murphy (1890–1949) | Michigan | 2 januari 1939 | 18 januari 1940 | Demokraterna | Franklin D. Roosevelt | ||
| 57 | Robert H. Jackson (1892–1954) | New York | 18 januari 1940 | 25 augusti 1941 | Demokraterna | Franklin D. Roosevelt | ||
| 58 | Francis Biddle (1886–1968) | Pennsylvania | 26 augusti 1941 | 26 juni 1945 | Demokraterna | Franklin D. Roosevelt | ||
| 59 | Tom C. Clark (1899–1977) | Texas | 27 juni 1945 | 26 juli 1949 | Demokraterna | Harry S. Truman | ||
| 60 | J. Howard McGrath (1903–1966) | Rhode Island | 27 juli 1949 | 3 april 1952 | Demokraterna | Harry S. Truman | ||
| 61 | James P. McGranery (1895–1962) | Pennsylvania | 4 april 1952 | 20 januari 1953 | Demokraterna | Harry S. Truman | ||
| 62 | Herbert Brownell, Jr. (1904–1996) | New York | 21 januari 1953 | 23 oktober 1957 | Republikanerna | Dwight D. Eisenhower | ||
| 63 | William P. Rogers (1913–2001) | Maryland | 23 oktober 1957 | 20 januari 1961 | Republikanerna | Dwight D. Eisenhower | ||
| 64 | Robert Kennedy (1925–1968) | Massachusetts | 20 januari 1961 | 3 september 1964 | Demokraterna | John F. Kennedy Lyndon Johnson | ||
| 65 | Nicholas Katzenbach (1922–2012) | Illinois | 28 januari 1965 | 28 november 1966 | Demokraterna | Lyndon Johnson | ||
| 66 | Ramsey Clark (född 1927) | Texas | 10 mars 1967 | 20 januari 1969 | Demokraterna | Lyndon Johnson | ||
| 67 | John N. Mitchell (1913–1988) | New York | 20 januari 1969 | 15 februari 1972 | Republikanerna | Richard Nixon | ||
| 68 | Richard Kleindienst (1923–2000) | Arizona | 15 februari 1972 | 25 maj 1973 | Republikanerna | Richard Nixon | ||
| 69 | Elliot Richardson (1920–1999) | Massachusetts | 25 maj 1973 | 20 oktober 1973 | Republikanerna | Richard Nixon | ||
| 70 | William B. Saxbe (1916–2010) | Ohio | 17 december 1973 | 14 januari 1975 | Republikanerna | Richard Nixon | ||
| 71 | Edward H. Levi (1911–2000) | Illinois | 14 januari 1975 | 20 januari 1977 | Republikanerna | Gerald Ford | ||
| 72 | Griffin B. Bell (1918–2009) | Georgia | 26 januari 1977 | 16 augusti 1979 | Demokraterna | Jimmy Carter | ||
| 73 | Benjamin Civiletti (1935–2022) | Maryland | 16 augusti 1979 | 19 januari 1981 | Demokraterna | Jimmy Carter | ||
| 74 | William French Smith (1917–1990) | Kalifornien | 23 januari 1981 | 25 februari 1985 | Republikanerna | Ronald Reagan | ||
| 75 | Edwin Meese III (född 1931) | Kalifornien | 25 februari 1985 | 12 augusti 1988 | Republikanerna | Ronald Reagan | ||
| 76 | Richard L. Thornburgh (1932–2020) | Pennsylvania | 12 augusti 1988 | 15 augusti 1991 | Republikanerna | Ronald Reagan George H. W. Bush | ||
| 77 | William Barr (född 1950) | New York | 26 november 1991 | 20 januari 1993 | Republikanerna | George H. W. Bush | ||
| 78 | Janet Reno (1938–2016) | Florida | 12 mars 1993 | 20 januari 2001 | Demokraterna | Bill Clinton | ||
| 79 | John Ashcroft (född 1942) | Missouri | 2 februari 2001 | 3 februari 2005 | Republikanerna | George W. Bush | ||
| 80 | Alberto Gonzales (född 1955) | Texas | 3 februari 2005 | 17 september 2007 | Republikanerna | George W. Bush | ||
| 81 | Michael Mukasey (född 1941) | New York | 9 november 2007 | 20 januari 2009 | Republikanerna | George W. Bush | ||
| 82 | Eric Holder (född 1951) | District of Columbia | 3 februari 2009 | 27 april 2015 | Demokraterna | Barack Obama | ||
| 83 | Loretta Lynch (född 1956) | New York | 27 april 2015 | 20 januari 2017 | Demokraterna | Barack Obama | ||
| 84 | Jeff Sessions (född 1946) | Alabama | 9 februari 2017 | 7 november 2018 | Republikanerna | Donald Trump | ||
| 85 | William Barr (född 1950) | Virginia | 14 februari 2019 | 23 december 2020 | Republikanerna | Donald Trump | ||
| 86 | Merrick Garland (född 1952) | Maryland | 11 mars 2021 | Nuvarande | Demokraterna | Joe Biden | ||
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Seal of the United States Department of Justice.
The origins of the seal are unknown; it was first used in the 19th century as the seal for the Office of the Attorney General (prior to the formation of the Department of Justice) but the exact date is unknown. Even the translation of the Latin motto is murky, a matter of debate between Latin scholars. The Department's currently accepted translation is who prosecutes on behalf of Lady Justice, referring to the Attorney General. The motto is an allusion to the wording of the writ in a qui tam action: qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso sequitur ("he who sues on behalf of our lord the King as well as for himself." The current-day seal dates from 1934, when some (though not all) of the heraldic mistakes on the original were corrected. More information here.
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