USA:s invasion av Kanada
| Invasionen av Quebec 1775 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Del av Amerikanska frihetskriget | |||||||
 General Montgomerys död under anfallet mot Quebec, 31 december 1775 (John Trumbull, 1786) | |||||||
| |||||||
| Stridande | |||||||
 Enade kolonierna
|  Kungariket Storbritannien | ||||||
| Befälhavare och ledare | |||||||
Philip Schuyler Richard Montgomery † John Thomas † William Thompson John Sullivan Benedict Arnold David Wooster James Livingston Ethan Allen |  Guy Carleton | ||||||
| Styrka | |||||||
| 10 000 | 700 - 10 000+ | ||||||
| Förluster | |||||||
| 400 dödade, 650 skadade, 1 500 tillfångatagna | 100 dödade, runt 230 skadade, 600 tillfångatagna | ||||||
Invasionen av Quebec 1775 var det första större militära initiativet av den nybildade Kontinentalarmén under Amerikanska frihetskriget. Fälttågets mål var att få militär kontroll över den brittiska provinsen Quebec (dagens Kanada), och övertala fransk-kanadensarna att gå med i revolutionen på de tretton koloniernas sida. En expedition lämnade Fort Ticonderoga under Richard Montgomerys överhöghet, belägrade och tillfångatog Fort Saint-Jean, och var väldigt nära på att tillfångata den brittiske generalen Guy Carleton, vid erövringen av Montreal. Den andra expeditionen lämnade Cambridge, Massachusetts under Benedict Arnolds överhöghet, och led av stora svårigheter genom vildmarkerna mellan Maine och staden Québec. De två styrkorna gick ihop där, men besegrades vid Québec i december 1775.
Montgomerys expedition utgick från Fort Ticonderoga i slutet av augusti, där man började med att belägra Fort Saint-Jean, den främsta försvarspunkten söder om Montreal, i mitten av september. Efter att fästningen erövrats i november övergav Carleton Montreal, och flydde till staden Québec, samtidigt som Montgomery tog kontroll över staden (Montreal), innan han begav sig till Quebec med en armé som storleksmässigt var mycket mindre, med utgångna förnödenheter. Tillsammans med Arnold, som hade lämnat Cambridge i början av september, gick de på en besvärlig vandringstur genom vildmarken, där de överlevande trupperna svalt, och där det rådde en brist på förnödenheter och utrustningar.
Dessa styrkor slöt sig samman innan de anlände till staden Québec i december, där de anföll staden i en snöstorm under årets sista dag. Slaget var ett katastrofalt nederlag för amerikanerna; Montgomery dödades och Arnold skadades, medan stadens försvarare led av få förluster. Arnold genomförde därefter en ineffektiv belägring av staden, där lojalistsentimentaliteten stärktes av framgångsrika propagandakampanjer, och general David Woosters meningslösa administrering av Montreal fortsatte att irritera såväl anhängare som fiender till amerikanerna.
Britterna skickade ett tusentals trupper, inklusive general John Burgoyne med sina hessiska allierade, för att stärka dess närvaro i provinsen i maj 1776. General Carleton inledde därefter en motoffensiv, och drev i sista stund tillbaka de smittkoppsdrabbade och oorganiserade amerikanska styrkorna till Fort Ticonderoga. Amerikanerna, under Arnolds kommando, lyckades hindra den brittiska framryckningen så pass att en attack inte kunde utföras på Fort Ticonderoga 1776. Fälttågets slut markerade början på Burgoynes fälttåg till Saratoga, där målet var att få kontroll över dalen kring Hudsonfloden.
Referenser
- Alden, John R (1989) [1969]. A history of the American Revolution. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-306-80366-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=tV6skkasmpMC&lpg=PR3&dq=A%20history%20of%20the%20American%20Revolution%20%22Alden%2C%20John%22&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true
- Coffin, Victor (1896). The Province of Quebec and the Early American Revolution. University of Wisconsin Press
- Dale, Ronald J (2003). The Invasion of Canada: Battles of the War of 1812. James Lorimer. ISBN 978-1-55028-738-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=bqbeE0N119kC&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20Invasion%20of%20Canada%3A%20Battles%20of%20the%20War%20of%201812&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true
- Everest, Allan Seymour (1977). Moses Hazen and the Canadian Refugees in the American Revolution. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-0129-6
- Gabriel, Michael P. (2002). Major General Richard Montgomery: The Making of an American Hero. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-3931-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=1x2neu9sFNEC&lpg=PP1&dq=Major%20General%20Richard%20Montgomery%3A%20The%20Making%20of%20an%20American%20Hero&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true
- Glatthaar, Joseph T; Martin, James Kirby (2006). Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-8090-4601-0. OCLC 63178983
- Ketchum, Richard M (1997). Saratoga: Turning Point of America's Revolutionary War. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-6123-9. OCLC 41397623
- Kingsford, William (1892). The History of Canada, Volume 5. Roswell & Hutchinson. https://books.google.com/books?id=XspYAAAAMAAJ
- Lanctot, Gustave (1967). Canada and the American Revolution 1774–1783. Harvard University Press
- Lossing, Benson John (1888). The Empire State: A Compendious History of the Commonwealth of New York. Funk & Wagnalls. https://books.google.com/books?id=aMMLAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Empire+State:+A+Compendious+History+of+the+Commonwealth+of+New+York#v=onepage&q&f=true
- Morrissey, Brendan (2003). Quebec 1775: The American Invasion of Canada. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-681-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZG1Bisnwi8C&lpg=PP1&dq=Quebec%201775%3A%20The%20American%20Invasion%20of%20Canada&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true
- Nelson, James L (2006). Benedict Arnold's Navy. New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-146806-0. OCLC 255396879. https://books.google.com/books?id=AzaMzmqa10cC&lpg=PP1&dq=Benedict%20Arnold's%20Navy&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true
- Nickerson, Hoffman (1967). The Turning Point of the Revolution. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat. OCLC 549809
- Porter, Joseph Whitcomb (1877). Memoir of Col. Jonathan Eddy of Eddington, Me: With Some Account of the Eddy Family, and of the Early Settlers on Penobscot River. Sprague, Owen & Nash. https://books.google.com/books?id=KkLLxWdzeKAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Memoir+of+Col.+Jonathan+Eddy+of+Eddington,+Me:+With+Some+Account+of+the+Eddy+Family,+and+of+the+Early+Settlers+on+Penobscot+River#v=onepage&q&f=true
- Shelton, Hal T. General Richard Montgomery and the American Revolution: From Redcoat to Rebel. ISBN 978-0-8147-8039-8
- Smith, Justin H (1903). Arnold's March from Cambridge to Quebec. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons. https://books.google.com/books?id=vlU06ifA9ZEC Den här boken innehåller en utskrift av Arnolds dagbok under sin marsch.
- Smith, Justin H (1907). Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony, vol 1. New York. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ls9BAAAAIAAJ
- Smith, Justin H (1907). Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony, vol 2. New York. https://books.google.com/books?id=19VBAAAAIAAJ
- Stanley, George (1973). Canada Invaded 1775–1776. Hakkert
- Thayer, Simeon; Stone, Edwin Martin; Rhode Island Historical Society (1867). The Invasion of Canada in 1775: Including the Journal of Captain Simeon Thayer, Describing the Perils and Sufferings of the Army Under Colonel Benedict Arnold, in Its March Through the Wilderness to Quebec. Providence, RI: Knowles, Anthony & Co. https://books.google.com/books?id=afcLAAAAYAAJ
- Winsor, Justin (1888). Narrative and Critical History of America: The United States of North America. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin. OCLC 1390579. https://books.google.com/books?id=8kp1AAAAMAAJ
- Royal Society of Canada (1887). Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada: Délibérations Et Mémoires de la Société Royale Du Canada, 1886, Series 1, Volume 4. Royal Society of Canada. https://books.google.com/books?id=tzMoAAAAMAAJ
Fotnoter
- ^ Davies, Blodwen (1951). Quebec: Portrait of a Province. Greenberg. sid. 32. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=R_MUAAAAYAAJ&q=Carleton's men had won a quick and decisive victory
Vidare läsning
- Anderson, Mark R (2013). Hanover: University Press of New England. ISBN 1611684978
- Bird, Harrison (1968). Attack on Quebec. New York: Oxford University Press
- Codman, John (1902). Arnold's Expedition to Quebec. New York
- Desjardin, Thomas A (2006). Through a Howling Wilderness: Benedict Arnold's March to Quebec, 1775. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-33904-6
- Hatch, Robert McConnell (1979). Thrust for Canada: The American Attempt on Quebec in 1775–1776. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-27612-8
- Roberts, Kenneth Lewis (1980). March to Quebec: Journals of the Members of Arnold's Expedition. Down East Books. ISBN 978-0-89272-083-5
- Rumilly, Robert (1970) (på franska). Histoire de Montréal. "Volym 2". Montreal: Fides
Se även
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||
Media som används på denna webbplats
CONGRESSOWN.jpg
Purported flag of the 2nd Canadian Regiment during the American Revolutionary War. It is claimed that this is not the correct flag. That was white with black outlined letters COR in the center, the word LIBERTY in outlined black letters above, and a red banner with "2nd CANADIAN" in white below.
Purported flag of the 2nd Canadian Regiment during the American Revolutionary War. It is claimed that this is not the correct flag. That was white with black outlined letters COR in the center, the word LIBERTY in outlined black letters above, and a red banner with "2nd CANADIAN" in white below.
Flag of the Vermont Republic.svg
The Stark flag, commonly attributed to the Green Mountain Boys, also used by the Vermont National Guard.
The Stark flag, commonly attributed to the Green Mountain Boys, also used by the Vermont National Guard.
.svg)
Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Smurrayinchester, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
A logo for Wiktionary without caption
Författare/Upphovsman: Smurrayinchester, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
A logo for Wiktionary without caption
The Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec December 31 1775.jpeg
The The Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec, December 31, 1775 is an 1786 oil painting by John Trumbull. It depicts the tragic death of the American General Richard Montgomery at the Battle of Quebec on December 31, 1775, during the Invasion of Quebec, a major military operation by the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War.
.svg)
Flag of the United States (1776–1777).svg
Version 3.0 of the Grand Union flag (aka Continental Colors). This version rewritten from scratch using a text-editor; with colors from File:Flag of the United States.svg. Previous text: image was created using an image of the pre-1801 Union flag and the SVG of the Betsy Ross flag. The colors are based on information from here. I hope St. George's cross looks straight now.
Version 3.0 of the Grand Union flag (aka Continental Colors). This version rewritten from scratch using a text-editor; with colors from File:Flag of the United States.svg. Previous text: image was created using an image of the pre-1801 Union flag and the SVG of the Betsy Ross flag. The colors are based on information from here. I hope St. George's cross looks straight now.
.svg){kind=link}
