USA:s flagga

USA:s flagga
USA:s flagga
AnvändningNations- och handelsflagga Nationalflagga
Proportioner10:19
Antagen4 juli 1960 (nuvarande version)

USA:s flagga har 13 ränder (7 röda och vita 6) som representerar de 13 ursprungliga delstaterna och 50 vita stjärnor på mörkblå bakgrund som representerar USA:s nuvarande 50 delstater. Flaggans nuvarande utseende antogs den 4 juli 1960, men fastställdes till sitt huvudmönster under amerikanska frihetskriget. Den har proportionerna 10:19.

Flaggan brukar kallas Stars and Stripes (stjärnor och ränder), Old Glory (gammal ära), the Old Red eller the Star-Spangled Banner (det stjärnbeströdda baneret). Det senare namnet har givit upphov till namnet på USA:s nationalsång.

De officiella färgerna bestämdes 27 november 1981 till:[1]

Old Glory Red (Gammal ära röd)Old Glory Blue (Gammal ära blå)White (Vit)
Pantone SystemetRed PMS 193Blue PMS 282
RGB# C30C3E

195, 12, 62

# 00204E

0, 32, 78

# FFFFFF

255, 255, 255

Historia

Den amerikanske astronauten Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin gör honnör för USA:s flagga på månen.

Flaggan fastställdes till sitt huvudmönster under frihetskriget, men har förändrats 26 gånger sedan dess, bland annat för att man lägger till en stjärna för varje ny delstat. Flaggans nuvarande utformning är från 1960, då den 50:e stjärnan lades till (efter att Hawaii blivit delstat 1959). Från början hade man tänkt sig att förutom en stjärna även lägga till en extra rand när en ny delstat anslöt sig till unionen. Från 1795 (efter att Vermont och Kentucky anslutit sig) hade flaggan således 15 stjärnor och 15 ränder, men när fem nya stater tillkom tyckte man antagligen att det växande antalet ränder störde flaggans design. Kongressen bestämde sig 1818 för att återgå till 13 ränder och i framtiden bara lägga till en ny stjärna för varje ny delstat. Varken stjärnorna eller ränderna står var och en för någon viss delstat, utan de representerar bara tillsammans de 50 nuvarande respektive de 13 ursprungliga.

Från början fanns det inga regler om i vilket mönster stjärnorna skulle läggas ut på det blå fältet, men numera bestäms det genom förordning av presidenten. När en ny delstat blir medlem av unionen, lägger man till en ny stjärna till flaggan nästkommande 4 juli (USA:s nationaldag).

Historisk utveckling av flaggans utformning

Följande tabell ger en översikt över de 28 olika utformningar som har använts för USA:s flagga. Den exakta utformningen, inklusive färgspecifikation, blev inte standardiserad förrän 1934.[2]

Antal
stjärnor
Antal
ränder
UtformningStater representerade
av nya stjärnor
PeriodTid som flaggan
var aktuell
013Inga stjärnor3 december 1775[3]–14 juni 17771 år och 194 dagar
1313Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts,
Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire,
Virginia, New York, North Carolina,
Rhode Island
14 juni 1777–1 maj 179517 år och 350 dagar
1515Kentucky, Vermont1 maj 1795–3 juli 181823 år och 64 dagar
2013Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Ohio, Tennessee
4 juli 1818–3 juli 18191 år
2113Illinois4 juli 1819–3 juli 18201 år
2313Alabama, Maine4 juli 1820–3 juli 18222 år
2413Missouri4 juli 1822–3 juli 183614 år
2513Arkansas4 juli 1836–3 juli 18371 år
2613Michigan4 juli 1837–3 juli 18458 år
2713Florida4 juli 1845–3 juli 18461 år
2813Texas4 juli 1846–3 juli 18471 år
2913Iowa4 juli 1847–3 juli 18481 år
3013Wisconsin4 juli 1848–3 juli 18513 år
3113Kalifornien4 juli 1851–3 juli 18587 år
3213Minnesota4 juli 1858–3 juli 18591 år
3313Oregon4 juli 1859–3 juli 18612 år
3413Kansas4 juli 1861–3 juli 18632 år
3513West Virginia4 juli 1863–3 juli 18652 år
3613Nevada4 juli 1865–3 juli 18672 år
3713Nebraska4 juli 1867–3 juli 187710 år
3813Colorado4 juli 1877–3 juli 189013 år
4313Idaho, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Washington
4 juli 1890–3 juli 18911 år
4413Wyoming4 juli 1891–3 juli 18965 år
4513Utah4 juli 1896–3 juli 190812 år
4613Oklahoma4 juli 1908–3 juli 19124 år
4813Arizona, New Mexico4 juli 1912–3 juli 195947 år
4913Alaska4 juli 1959–3 juli 19601 år
5013Hawaii4 juli 1960–64 år och 42 dagar
(längst hittills)

Örlogsflagga

USA:s traditionella örlogsflagga, med antal stjärnor efter antal stater.

Flaggan på amerikanska flottans båtar, USA:s örlogsflagga, var först en flagga med rödvit randning efter order av örlogschefen Esek Hopkins i slutet av 1775.[4] Efter att stjärnbaneret introducerats som USA:s flagga 1776 började flottan använda det blå fältet med stjärnor, men utan det rödvita randningen, som örlogsflagga. Den kallas "Union Jack", och har alltså samma namn som den brittiska unionsflaggan Union Jack, och den utökades under åren med en stjärna för varje stat som uppgick i USA.[5] Under kortare perioder har varianter av den rödvitrandiga flaggan med en skallerorm och texten "Dont tread on me" använts av flottan..[6][5]

Se även

Referenser

Noter

  1. ^ ”Specifications For The United States Flag”. www.chamberofcommerce.org. https://www.chamberofcommerce.org/usflag/flag.specs.html. Läst 30 september 2022. 
  2. ^ För varianter av flaggan, se Stars of the U.S. Flag page Arkiverad 22 februari 2005 hämtat från the Wayback Machine. på FOTW:s hemsida.
  3. ^ Leepson, Marc. (2005). Flag: An American Biography. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  4. ^ ”Don't Tread on Me Flag History”. www.navyjack.info. http://www.navyjack.info/history.html. Läst 10 januari 2021. 
  5. ^ [a b] ”U.S. Navy to Return to Flying the Union Jack” (på engelska). The Maritime Executive. https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/september-11-u-s-navy-to-return-to-flying-the-union-jack. Läst 10 januari 2021. 
  6. ^ ”Naval Jack (U.S.)” (på engelska). FOTW. https://flagspot.net/flags/us%5Envj.html. Läst 5 mars 2015. 

Källor

  • Allt om världens flaggor. Stockholm: Bonnier Impact. 2007. sid. 13-14. ISBN 91-85605-09-3 
  • Avsnittet "Historisk utveckling av flaggans utformning" är översatt från artikeln "progression of designs Flag of the United States" (avsnittet "Historical progression of designs") på engelskspråkiga Wikipedia.

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