Rymdpromenad

Astronauten Steve Robinson på rymdpromenad, fäst vid Canadarm2
Christer Fuglesang

En rymdpromenad är en vistelse en rymdfarare gör utanför sin farkost. Den vanliga engelska förkortningen EVA står för Extra-vehicular activity - aktivitet utanför farkost.

För det mesta används termen för en vistelse utanför en rymdfarkost som befinner sig i omloppsbana runt jorden, men kan även avse vistelse på annan himlakropp, exempelvis månen.

Då det gäller de tidiga rymdfarkosterna avsåg ordet rymdpromenad olika saker i de amerikanska och ryska rymdprogrammen. En rysk kosmonaut som befann sig i vakuum ansågs utföra en rymdpromenad, medan man enligt amerikanerna måste befinna sig utanför farkosten.

Milstolpar gällande rymdpromenader

1960-talet

1980-talet

  • 7 februari 1984 - Första rymdpromenaden då rymdfararen svävat fritt i rymden, det vill säga inte befunnit sig på någon himlakropp eller varit förankrad i någon rymdfarkost, var då amerikanen Bruce McCandless II under rymdfärjeuppdraget STS-41-B befann sig utanför Challenger. Under den 5 timmar och 55 minuter långa rymdpromenaden hade han sällskap av Robert L. Stewart.
  • 25 juli 1984 - Första kvinna som genomförde en rymdpromenad var ryskan Svetlana Savitskaja då hon gjorde en rymdpromenad från rymdstationen Saljut 7.
  • 11 oktober 1984 - Första amerikanska kvinna som utförde en rymdpromenad var Kathryn D. Sullivan hon steg ut i rymden under Challengers uppdrag STS-41-G.
  • 9 december 1988 - Förste person som inte kom från USA eller Sovjet och som genomförde en rymdpromenad var fransmannen Jean-Loup Chrétien, den gjordes från rymdstationen Mir.

1990-talet

2000-talet

2010-talet

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Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, tidigare version.

NASA (2020). ”Space Station Spacewalks”. NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/spacewalks. Läst 14 oktober 2020. 

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