Rover (rymdfart)
En rover eller strövare är inom rymdfarten en bemannad eller obemannad motoriserad landfarkost som används till att utforska främmande himlakroppar.[1] Hittills har rovrar skickats till månen av Kina, USA och Sovjet. USA har skickat rovrar även till Mars. De vanligaste energikällorna för en rover är solceller eller radioisotopgeneratorer. Den första obemannade rovern var den sovjetiska Lunochod 1 som skickades till månen med en Protonraket 1970.[2] Senare började NASA också skicka ut obemannade rovrar, men då var det Mars som gällde. De skickade testrovern Sojourner till Mars ombord på landaren Mars Pathfinder. 2004 landade två större rovrar, Spirit och Opportunity, på Mars, och 2012 landade den då största rovern Curiosity på Mars. År 2021 blev Perseverance den största strövaren hittills på Mars. Tidigare hade USA skickat bemannade landfarkoster till månen. Dessa månbilar kallades för "Moon buggies", med det korrekta namnet Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). Den första månbilen var farkosten som framfördes på månen den 31 juli 1971 efter att Apollo 15 hade landat på månen dagen innan.
Lista
Månen
Mars
- Mars 2 Prop-M rover, 1971
- Mars 3 Prop-M rover, 1971
- Sojourner, Mars Pathfinder, 4 juli 1997
- Spirit, Mars Exploration Rover, 4 januari 2004
- Opportunity, Mars Exploration Rover, 25 januari 2004
- Curiosity (Mars Science Laboratory), 6 augusti 2012
- Perseverance
- Zhurong
Källor
- Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, 27 april 2019.
Referenser
- ^ Nasas upptäckt: "Kommer söka efter liv där", Svenska Dagbladet. Läst den 27 april 2019. Publicerat den 28 september 2015.
- ^ Anders Palm (12 september 2006). ”På månen kommer man inte långt med en SUV... Fordon på andra världar”. Allt om vetenskap. http://www.alltomvetenskap.se/nyheter/fordon-pa-andra-varldar. Läst 19 december 2015.
Externa länkar
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Media som används på denna webbplats
MAVEN at Mars, Artist's Concept. This artist's concept depicts NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft near Mars. MAVEN is in development for launch in 2013 and will be the first mission devoted to understanding the Martian upper atmosphere. The mission's principal investigator is Bruce Jakosky from the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado.
The goal of MAVEN is to determine the role that loss of atmospheric gas to space played in changing the Martian climate through time. MAVEN will determine how much of the Martian atmosphere has been lost over time by measuring the current rate of escape to space and gathering enough information about the relevant processes to allow extrapolation backward in time.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. manages the project and will also build some of the instruments for the mission. In addition to the principal investigator coming from CU-LASP, the university will provide science operations, build instruments, and lead education/public outreach. Lockheed Martin of Littleton, Colo., is building the spacecraft and will perform mission operations. The University of California-Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory is also building instruments for the mission. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., will provide navigation support, the Deep Space Network, and the Electra telecommunications relay hardware and operations.
For more information about MAVEN, visit www.nasa.gov/maven.
The Flag of Europe is the flag and emblem of the European Union (EU) and Council of Europe (CoE). It consists of a circle of 12 golden (yellow) stars on a blue background. It was created in 1955 by the CoE and adopted by the EU, then the European Communities, in the 1980s.
The CoE and EU are distinct in membership and nature. The CoE is a 47-member international organisation dealing with human rights and rule of law, while the EU is a quasi-federal union of 27 states focused on economic integration and political cooperation. Today, the flag is mostly associated with the latter.
It was the intention of the CoE that the flag should come to represent Europe as a whole, and since its adoption the membership of the CoE covers nearly the entire continent. This is why the EU adopted the same flag. The flag has been used to represent Europe in sporting events and as a pro-democracy banner outside the Union.
bendera Indonesia
Flag of Iran. The tricolor flag was introduced in 1906, but after the Islamic Revolution of 1979 the Arabic words 'Allahu akbar' ('God is great'), written in the Kufic script of the Qur'an and repeated 22 times, were added to the red and green strips where they border the white central strip and in the middle is the emblem of Iran (which is a stylized Persian alphabet of the Arabic word Allah ("God")).
The official ISIRI standard (translation at FotW) gives two slightly different methods of construction for the flag: a compass-and-straightedge construction used for File:Flag of Iran (official).svg, and a "simplified" construction sheet with rational numbers used for this file.
Flag of Israel. Shows a Magen David (“Shield of David”) between two stripes. The Shield of David is a traditional Jewish symbol. The stripes symbolize a Jewish prayer shawl (tallit).
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Closeup of Sojourner rover