Presidentvalet i USA 2016

Presidentvalet i USA 2016
USA
8 november 2016 (2016-11-08)
Valdeltagande55,7 %
 
KandidatDonald TrumpHillary Clinton
PartiRepublikanernaDemokraterna
HemdelstatNew YorkNew York
VicepresidentkandidatMike PenceTim Kaine
Elektorsröster304227
Vunna delstater30 + ME-0220 + DC
Röster62 984 82565 853 516
Andel46,1 %48,2 %

Antal ledamöter i elektorskollegiet.
Rött: republikanska elektorer; blått: demokratiska elektorer.

President före valet

Barack Obama
Demokraterna

President efter valet

Donald Trump
Republikanerna

Presidentvalet i USA 2016 avgjordes i USA den 8 november 2016. Presidentvalet var det 58:e i ordningen, och landets president och vicepresident valdes för mandatperioden 2017 till 2021. Den sittande presidenten Barack Obama kunde enligt det 22:a tillägget i USA:s konstitution inte omväljas 2016, eftersom han innehaft posten under två mandatperioder.[1] Republikanernas Donald Trump besegrade demokraternas kandidat Hillary Clinton[2] och han tillträdde presidentposten den 20 januari 2017.

Bakgrund

Valprocess

För bli vald till USA:s president måste en person vara amerikansk medborgare sedan födseln, minst 35 år gammal och bosatt i USA sedan minst 14 år. Valet är ett indirekt val, vid vilket väljarna genom sina röster utser ett elektorskollegium, vilket möjliggör att en kandidat kan vinna presidentvalet även om denne inte får flest antal röster.

Utgångsläget

Den sittande presidenten, demokratiska partiets Barack Obama (tidigare senator för Illinois), kunde inte bli omvald, eftersom han hade suttit två mandatperioder på posten, vilket är det högsta tillåtna antalet perioder. Barack Obamas mandatperiod löpte ut den 20 januari 2017. Efter en seger över republikanska partiets John McCain valdes Obama första gången till president 2008. Fyra år senare omvaldes han efter att ha besegrat det republikanska partiets presidentkandidat Mitt Romney.

Vid 2010 års mellanårsval förlorade demokraterna sin majoritet i USA:s representanthus. I samma val förlorade partiet även mandat i senaten men förblev det största partiet. Majoritetsförhållandena kvarstod över 2014 års val till kongressen. Vid 2014 års mellanårsval utökade republikanerna sin majoritet i representanthuset till den största marginalen sedan 1928, samtidigt som partiet för första gången sedan 2006 återtog majoriteten i senaten.[3]

I amerikanska presidentval brukar det talas om swing states, det vill säga delstater där det inte på förhand är givet vilket parti som kommer att vinna. I presidentvalet 2016 ansågs följande elva delstater vara sådana swing states (antal elektorsröster inom parentes):[4]

  • Florida (29 elektorsröster)
  • Pennsylvania (20)
  • Ohio (18)
  • Michigan (16)
  • North Carolina (15)
  • Virginia (13)
  • Wisconsin (10)
  • Colorado (9)
  • Iowa (6)
  • Nevada (6)
  • New Hampshire (4)

Demokraterna

Kandidater

Följande personer figurerade i de stora opinionsundersökningarna och tillkännagav formellt att de ämnade kandidera i 2016 års val eller registrerat sig som kandidat hos valmyndigheten Federal Election Commission (FEC).

Bland demokraterna var Hillary Clinton den första att meddela sin kandidatur till presidentposten, något som hon gjorde via en video den 12 april 2015.[5] Den 30 april meddelade den oberoende Vermont-senatorn Bernie Sanders att även han ställde upp som demokratisk presidentkandidat.[6] Opinionsundersökningar meddelade i september 2015 att Clinton var favorit men att avståndet mellan de båda var mindre än tidigare.[7] Den förre Maryland-guvernören Martin O'Malley anmälde sin kandidatur 30 maj. Ytterligare tre demokratiska politiker har anmält sitt deltagande i presidentvalet. Jim Webb och Lincoln Chafee, var dock de första att avsäga sig sina respektive kandidaturer, vilket skedde under oktober månad[8][9] och i början av november drog även Lawrence Lessig tillbaka sin kandidatur.[10]

Återtagna kandidaturer

Republikanerna

Kandidater

Följande personer figurerade i de stora opinionsundersökningarna och tillkännagiv formellt att de ämnade kandidera i 2016 års val eller registrerat sig som kandidat hos valmyndigheten Federal Election Commission (FEC).

På den republikanska sidan meddelade ett stort antal politiker sina kandidaturer. Dessa inkluderade Jeb Bush (tidigare guvernör i Florida), Ben Carson (före detta kirurg på Johns Hopkins Hospital), Chris Christie (guvernör för New Jersey), Ted Cruz (senator från Texas), Carly Fiorina (tidigare VD för Hewlett-Packard), Jim Gilmore (tidigare guvernör för Virginia), Lindsey Graham (sentor för South Carolina), Mike Huckabee (tidigare guvernör för Arkansas), John Kasich (guvernör från Ohio), George Pataki (tidigare guvernör för New York), Rand Paul (senator för Kentucky), Marco Rubio (senator i Florida), Rick Santorum (tidigare senator för Pennsylvania) samt Donald Trump (ordförande för Trump Organization).[11] Tidigare kandidaterna Rick Perry och Scott Walker meddelade under september månad (2015) att de avsade sig sina kandidaturer.[12][13] I november meddelade även Bobby Jindal att han drog tillbaka sin kandidatur.

Bland de republikanska kandidaterna var Donald Trump under 2015 favorit i de olika opinionsundersökningarna. Ben Carson och Carly Fiorina hade nått runt 10 procent i undersökningarna. Alla tre hade gemensamt att de arbetat inom näringsliv och inte haft ett förflutet som politiker.[14]

Återtagna kandidaturer

Green Party

Green Party hade följande kandidater:

  • Jill Stein, läkare och politiker, presidentkandidat.
  • Ajamu Baraka, aktivist, presidentkandidat, vicepresidentkandidat.
  • Jill Stein
    (c) Gage Skidmore, CC BY-SA 3.0
  • Ajamu Baraka
    Ajamu Baraka

Libertarian Party

Libertarian Party hade följande kandidat:

Constitution Party

Constitution Party hade följande kandidat:

  • Darrell Castle, politiker och åklagare, presidentkandidat.
  • Scott Bradley, affärsman, vicepresidentkandidat.
  • Darrel Castle
    Darrel Castle

Andra partier

Andra politiska partier som ställde upp i det amerikanska presidentvalet inkluderade American Freedom Party, America's Party, Independent American Party, Nutrition Party, Party for Socialism and Liberation, Peace and Freedom Party, Prohibition Party, Socialist Party USA, Veterans Party of America och Workers World Party.

Resultatet och förklaringar till resultatet

Att Trump valdes till president var en överraskning för vissa bedömare. En del menar att förklaringar är att Hillary Clinton hade svårt att mobilisera minoriteter, att hon inte lyckades skapa starka band till sina väljare och att Donald Trump fick stort utrymme i media eftersom han ansågs ha ett stort underhållningsvärde. Även elektorssystemet sägs vara en orsak bakom Clintons nederlag med tanke på att Trump hade fått färre röster.[16] Andra menar att en krympande medelklass, färre arbetsplatser och rädslan att de egna barnen inte kommer att få det bättre var viktiga motiv att inte rösta på den demokratiska kandidaten. I traditionellt demokratiska arbetarstäder som t.ex. Youngstown i Ohio röstade människor på Trump eftersom man menar att industrikrisen som har pågått sedan 70-talet fortfarande inte har lösts än. En del konservativa väljare på landsbygden menar att Obama fokuserade för lite på att skapa jobb till förmån för andra frågor.[17]

Se även

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, United States presidential election, 2016, 24 oktober 2015.

Noter

  1. ^ ”Omvald president kan ta större risker”. Svenska dagbladet. 8 november 2012. http://www.svd.se/nyheter/utrikes/USA-valet/omvald-president-kan-ta-storre-risker_7652908.svd. Läst 2 februari 2015. 
  2. ^ Donald Trump blir USA:s president
  3. ^ ”2014 Election Results” (på engelska). Politico. 17 december 2014. http://www.politico.com/2014-election/results/map/senate/. Läst 24 oktober 2015. 
  4. ^ ”Politico's Battleground States” (på engelska). Politico. http://www.politico.com/2016-election/swing-states#ixzz4PJeVBojJ. Läst 7 november 2016. 
  5. ^ Keith, Tamara; Montanar, Domenico (10 april 2015). ”Hillary Clinton Expected To Go Small With Big Announcement” (på engelska). NPR. http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2015/04/10/398729582/hillary-clinton-expected-to-go-small-with-big-announcement. Läst 24 oktober 2015. 
  6. ^ Merica, Dan (30 april 2015). ”Bernie Sanders is running for president” (på engelska). CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/29/politics/bernie-sanders-announces-presidential-run/. Läst 24 oktober 2015. 
  7. ^ ”Bernie Sanders surpasses Hillary Clinton in New Hampshire polls” (på engelska). Huffington Post.com. 25 augusti 2015. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-hillary-clinton-new-hampshire-poll_55dc947ce4b08cd3359d5f80. Läst 24 oktober 2015. 
  8. ^ Ball, Molly (2015-10-23): "Why Did Lincoln Chafee Even Run?". theatlantic.com. Läst 24 oktober 2015. (engelska)
  9. ^ Merica, Dan (2015-10-20): "Jim Webb drops out of Democratic presidential primary". cnn.com. Läst 24 oktober 2015. (engelska)
  10. ^ ”Larry Lessig drops presidential run: Democrats 'won't let me be a candidate'”. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/nov/02/larry-lessig-quits-presidential-campaign-democratic-party-video. Läst 11 november 2015. 
  11. ^ "Which Republicans are running for US president in 2016?". telegraph.co.uk, 2015-09-24. Läst 24 oktober 2015. (engelska)
  12. ^ "Rick Perry drops out of 2016 race". usatoday.com, 2015-09-12. Läst 24 oktober 2015. (engelska)
  13. ^ Abrams, Abigail (2015-09-22): "Scott Walker Drops Out: Who Will Benefit The Most?". ibtimes.com. Läst 24 oktober 2015. (engelska)
  14. ^ Rendall, Jeffrey A. (2015-10-09) (engelska): "Presidential Horse Race 2016: Are Donald Trump and Ben Carson real conservatives?". Arkiverad 19 oktober 2015 hämtat från the Wayback Machine. conservativehq.com. Läst 24 oktober 2015.
  15. ^ Sanna Torén Björling (16 mars 2016 kl. 04:59). ”Sanna Torén Björling: I förlängningen utesluts inte ens en partisplittring”. Dagens Nyheter. http://www.dn.se/nyheter/usa-valet/sanna-toren-bjorling-i-forlangningen-utesluts-inte-ens-en-partisplittring/. Läst 16 mars 2016 kl. 19:31. 
  16. ^ Denning, Steve. ”The Five Whys Of The Trump Surprise” (på engelska). Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2016/11/13/the-five-whys-of-the-trump-surprise/#264561a07546. Läst 22 juli 2017. 
  17. ^ Ruck, Ina (2017), Amerika nach 100 Tagen Unwahrscheinlichkeit i Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte 18/2017, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bonn, sid. 4-5

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Every four years, as America’s campaign cycle rumbles back to life, two of the country’s smaller states again return to the national spotlight.

Taking advantage of this political stage, The Seventy Four aims to bring the urgent conversation of America’s K-12 education system to both Iowa and New Hampshire in the coming months.

As first reported in The New York Times, The Seventy Four, a non-partisan, non-profit news website about education, announced it will be hosting and organizing two 2015 Education Summits beginning in August. Sponsored by the American Federation for Children, the nation’s leading school-choice advocacy organization, and organized in partnership with The Des Moines Register, the first-of-its-kind summits will gather prominent elected officials, political influencers, and education thought leaders to discuss the challenges now facing America’s education system.

“Last year, 1.3 million children dropped out of school, and U.S. students have flatlined on national and international tests,” said Betsy DeVos, chairman of the American Federation for Children. “It’s time to have a national conversation and no better time than as we look to 2016.” (The Seventy Four receives support from the Dick & Betsy DeVos Family Foundation.)

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“These summits are an unprecedented opportunity to have an honest and intelligent discussion with our leaders about the failures of the education system”

The second summit, to be held in Iowa in October, will be co-hosted by The Seventy Four and The Des Moines Register, Iowa’s most influential news outlet.

The 2015 Iowa Summit will spotlight Democrats from both Iowa and across the nation — elected officials, analysts and thought leaders with clear thoughts on how to solve America’s education challenges.

All speakers at both the 2015 New Hampshire Summit and 2015 Iowa Summit are invited in their current personal or professional capacities and will appear on stage separately for an important conversation about America’s education challenges and opportunities. When it comes to most political debates, K-12 education issues tend to get overshadowed by a landslide of other domestic policy issues. The 2015 Education Summits will keep the conversation focused on America’s most urgent policy issue, affording featured speakers time to provide in-depth perspectives outside the formal parameters of the presidential debates.

“As the political world descends on New Hampshire and Iowa, these summits are an unprecedented opportunity to have an honest and intelligent discussion with our leaders about the failures of the education system,” Brown said. “We must begin to treat fixing our education system with the urgency the crisis demands, as it is vital not only to our children’s future, but also the future of this nation
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