Operation Pillar of Defense

Operation Pillar of Defense
Ägde rum14–21 november 2012
PlatsIsrael · Gazaremsan
30°40′N 34°50′Ö / 30.667°N 34.833°Ö / 30.667; 34.833
ResultatVapenstillestånd, båda sidor hävdar seger[1][2][3]
Casus belliSvar på palestinska raketattacker mot Israels territorium.[4]
Stridande
Israel Israel Hamas
Islamiska jihad[5]
PFLP-GC
PFLP[6]
PRC[7]
al-Aqsa-martyrernas brigader[8]
Enheter
Israels försvarsmakt

Shin Bet

Izz ad-Din al-Qassams brigader
Befälhavare och ledare
Israel Benjamin Netanyahu
Premiärminister
Israel Ehud Barak
Försvarsminister
Israel Benny Gantz
Ramatkal
Israel Amir Eshel
Flygvapenchef
Israel Yoram Cohen
Chef för Shin Bet		 Ismail Haniya
Hamas ledare
Mohammed Deif
[zz ad-Din al-Qassams brigader
Ahmed Jabari †
Izz ad-Din al-Qassams brigader
Ramadan Shallah
Islamiska jihad
Abu Jamal
Abu Ali Mustafas brigader
Styrka
Israeliska sydkommandot och upp till 75 000 reservister[9]10 000 al-Qassams brigader
8 000 Islamiska jihad
Okänt antal för resten
10 000 säkerhetsstyrkor[10]
Förluster
Militära förluster:
2 soldater döda
20 soldater skadade

Civila förluster:
4 civila israeler döda
219 civila israeler skadade

Militära förluster:
79 soldater döda[11]
19 soldater skadade

Civila förluster:
68 döda[12]
(varav 8 civila palestinier avrättade av al-Qassams brigader)[13]

Operation Pillar of Defense (hebreiska: עַמּוּד עָנָן, ʿAmúd ʿAnán, bokstavligen: "Pelare av rök")[14] var en operation utförd av Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) i Gazaremsan från 14 till 21 november 2012. Operationen startade med att Ahmed Jabari dödades, en ledare inom Gazas militära sektion av Hamas.[15][16][17] Det uttalade målet med operationen var att stoppa de raketattacker som haft sin utgångspunkt i Gazaremsan[18][19] och att störa ut de militära organisationernas förmågor.[20] Israels regering sade att operationen påbörjades som ett svar på de raketer som skjutits mot israeliska soldater av militanta faktioner över gränsen.[21][22][23][24] Militanta faktioner i Gaza anser att Blockaden av Gaza och ockupationen av Västbanken och Östra Jerusalem rättfärdigar raketattackerna mot Israel.[25][26][27]

Källor

  1. ^ Londoño, Ernesto; Birnbaum, Michael (21 November 2012). ”After Israel, Hamas reach Gaza cease-fire, both sides claim victory”. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/clinton-arrives-in-middle-east-as-prospects-of-gaza-cease-fire-look-uncertain/2012/11/20/02f8be9c-3397-11e2-bfd5-e202b6d7b501_story.html. Läst 22 november 2012. 
  2. ^ Kalman, Matthew; Sengupta, Kim (21 November 2012). ”Fragile truce deal hailed as a victory on both sides”. London: The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/fragile-truce-deal-hailed-as-a-victory-on-both-sides-8340694.html. Läst 21 november 2012. 
  3. ^ Ahren, Raphael (21 November 2012). ”Israel says it 'fulfilled all its goals,' while Hamas hails an 'exceptional victory'”. The Times of Israel. http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-says-it-fulfilled-all-its-goals-while-hamas-hails-an-exceptional-victory-pillar-of-defense-gaza/. Läst 21 november 2012. 
  4. ^ ”Israel's battle damage report says Hamas crippled — Jewish Journal” (på engelska). Jewish Journal. 21 november 2012. https://jewishjournal.com/news/israel/110463/. Läst 13 februari 2018. 
  5. ^ ”IDF believes Hamas, Islamic Jihad will honor cease-fire”. Jerusalem Post. 2012-11-22. http://www.jpost.com/Defense/IDF-believes-Hamas-Islamic-Jihad-will-honor-cease-fire. Läst 3 juni 2013. 
  6. ^ ”PFLP says fighters will continue to strike Israel”. Ma'an News Agency. 17 November 2012. Arkiverad från originalet den 8 november 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141108191715/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=538618. Läst 17 november 2012.  ”Arkiverade kopian”. Arkiverad från originalet den 8 november 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141108191715/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=538618. Läst 13 februari 2018. 
  7. ^ ”Occupied Quds City Targeted by Palestinian Missile”. Fars News Agency. 2012-11-20. Arkiverad från originalet den 2012-12-16. https://archive.is/20121216065258/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9107120872. Läst 3 juni 2013. 
  8. ^ ”Fatah: We also fought against Israel in Pillar of Defense”. Jerusalem Post. 24 November 2012. http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Fatah-We-also-fought-Israel-in-Pillar-of-Defense. Läst 24 november 2012. 
  9. ^ ”Rocket fired from Gaza lands near Jerusalem”. Al Jazeera English. 4 October 2011. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/11/2012111615180851790.html. Läst 20 november 2012. 
  10. ^ ”The main armed groups in Gaza”. gulfnews.com. 19 november 2012. http://gulfnews.com/news/region/palestinian-territories/the-main-armed-groups-in-gaza-1.1107214. Läst 24 november 2012. 
  11. ^ ”Life resumes after Gaza ceasefire” (på engelska). BBC News. 22 november 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20444499. Läst 13 februari 2018. 
  12. ^ ”Analysis of the Ratio between the Names of Terrorist Operatives Killed during Operation Pillar of Defense and Civilians Killed in Error” (på engelska). www.terrorism-info.org.il. http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/20444/. Läst 13 februari 2018. 
  13. ^ Gaza, Associated Press in (20 november 2012). ”Hamas executes six suspected informants for Israel on Gaza street” (på engelska). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/20/hamas-executes-informants-israel-gaza. Läst 13 februari 2018. 
  14. ^ ”Chief of Staff Declares 'Operation Pillar of Cloud'”. Arutz Sheva. 14 november 2012. http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/254767. Läst 14 november 2012. 
  15. ^ ”Day 2: 300+ Rockets Fired at Israel Since Start of Operation Pillar of Defense”. Algemeiner. 15 november 2012. http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/11/15/algemeiner-live-updates-day-2-245-rockets-fired-at-israel-since-start-of-operation-pillar-of-defense/. Läst 15 november 2012. 
  16. ^ Lappin, Yaakov (14 november 2012). ”Israeli air strike kills top Hamas commander Jabari”. The Jerusalem Post. http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=291779. Läst 14 november 2012. 
  17. ^ Kalman, Matthew (15 november 2012). ”Massed Israeli troops poised for invasion of Gaza”. The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/massed-israeli-troops-poised-for-invasion-of-gaza-8316615.html. Läst 15 november 2012. 
  18. ^ Stephanie Nebehay (20 november 2012). ”UN rights boss, Red Cross urge Israel, Hamas to spare civilians”. Reuters. Arkiverad från originalet den 20 januari 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130120113754/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/20/palestinians-israel-humanitarian-idUSL5E8MK6MG20121120. Läst 20 november 2012. 
  19. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (16 november 2012). ”Jerusalem and Tel Aviv under rocket fire, Netanyahu warns Gaza”. Chicago Tribune. Arkiverad från originalet den 22 november 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121122131339/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-palestinians-israel-hamasbre8ad0wp-20121114,0,7635503.story. Läst 23 november 2012. 
  20. ^ ”Israeli air strike kills top Hamas commander Jabari”. The Jerusalem Post. http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=291779. Läst 14 november 2012. 
  21. ^ ”Operation Pillar of Defense - Selected statements”. Mfa.gov.il. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2012/Operation_Pillar_of_Defense-Statements.htm. Läst 20 november 2012. 
  22. ^ ”Gaza groups pound Israel with over 100 rockets”. The Jersualem Post. 11 december 2012. http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=291300. 
  23. ^ ”Gaza border: Anti-tank missile hit IDF jeep”. LiveLeak.com. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=7a6_1352564792. Läst 20 november 2012. 
  24. ^ ”Israel: Tunnel Explodes on Gaza Border - ABC News”. Abcnews.go.com. 10 november 2012. http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/israel-tunnel-explodes-gaza-border-17686902#.UKnxEIefvuE. Läst 20 november 2012. 
  25. ^ ”Gaza: Palestinians killed and Israeli soldiers injured”. BBC. 11 november 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20282793. Läst 17 november 2012. 
  26. ^ ”Israel warns Hamas of 'heavy price' for Gaza rockets”. 11 november 2012. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jRUtS7PreKQztfBnueg5yNep0ROg?docId=CNG.eceda380b55ad442c0c0b524c5263e34.61. Läst 21/11/2012. 
  27. ^ Source ”Q&A: Israel-Gaza violence”. BBC News. 20 november 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20388298 Source. 

Media som används på denna webbplats

Flag of Israel.svg
Flag of Israel. Shows a Magen David (“Shield of David”) between two stripes. The Shield of David is a traditional Jewish symbol. The stripes symbolize a Jewish prayer shawl (tallit).
Flag of Hamas.svg
The en:Shahada in white calligraphy on a green background. Reported as the "Flag of Hamas" in flaggenlexikon.de . Uploaded 2007.

The Flags of the World website discussed the validity of this flag after it was displayed as an alleged "flag of Hamas" by Wikipedia in 2007.

According to a 2006 comment:

"The military branch of Hamas has a different flag, green with Shahada on it. Maybe that's why there is a confusion about the Hamas flag. One is white with Hamas emblem on it, and the military branch's flag is green with a shahada? At least, the green flag is there at all protests and demonstrations." (Valentin Poposki, 03 Mar 2006)

Use of this flag was reported as early as 2001:

"Hamas' flag is green (Muslim colour) with Arabic words in white. I saw this flag several times at Hamas demonstrations and at generic anti-Israel events in Palestine. Hamas emblem is here." (Santiago Tazón, 20 Dec 2001)

While this flag has apparently been spotted in Hamas demonstrations since at least 2001, it cannot be identified as "the flag of Hamas". It has rather been carried by Hamas supporters as symbolizing Islam or Islamism, not as an emblem of Hamas as an organization.

"It would be wrong to name the flag as the Hamas flag. Such flags, with the Sha'ada in white on green or black, are used by other Islamic groups and are not unique to Hamas. Therefore it is not the 'Hamas flag' but rather a flag used also by the Hamas." (Dov Gutterman, 29 Mar 2003)
PFLP-GC Flag.svg
The flag of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command.
Blank flag.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Rob, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Blank flag