Operation Crossroads
Operation Crossroads var ett kärnvapenprov som utfördes av Förenta staternas armé (United States Armed Forces) under sommaren 1946 vid Bikiniatollen som vid denna tid tillhörde USA:s Stillahavsprotektorat. Under testet utlöstes två atombomber som motsvarade var för sig 23 kiloton trinitrotoluen (TNT). Test Able fälldes den 1 juli 1946 från en Boeing B-29 Superfortress och den detonerade 158 meter över havsytan. Test Baker utlöstes 27 meter under vattenytan den 25 juli 1946.[1] Charlie, ett tredje test, var planerat till den 1 mars 1947 ännu djupare under havsytan men testet utfördes aldrig.[2]
Under hela militärövningen deltog över 42 000 soldater, de flesta från USA:s flotta, samt flera civila vetenskapsmän, 149 fartyg och 156 flygplan. Målet utgjordes av cirka 100 tomma fartyg.[3]
Se även
- Prinz Eugen (fartyg)
- USS Saratoga
Referenser
- Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 2 januari 2011.
Noter
- ^ Stefan Terzibaschitsch: Operation Crossroads. Die Atomwaffenversuche der U.S. Navy beim Bikini-Atoll 1946, in: Marine-Arsenal, band 20, Podzun-Pallas-Verlag, 1992. sid. 5 (tyska)
Externa länkar
- Video om Bakertestet (YouTube)
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Media som används på denna webbplats
Operation Crossroads Baker Edit.jpg
The "Baker" explosion, part of Operation Crossroads, a nuclear weapon test by the United States military at Bikini Atoll, Micronesia, on 25 July 1946. The wider, exterior cloud is actually just a condensation cloud caused by the Wilson chamber effect, and was very brief. There was no classic mushroom cloud rising to the stratosphere, but inside the condensation cloud the top of the water geyser formed a mushroom-like head called the cauliflower, which fell back into the lagoon (compare with this image, a photo taken slightly later, after the condensation cloud had cleared). The water released by the explosion was highly radioactive and contaminated many of the ships that were set up near it. Some were otherwise undamaged and sent to Hunter's Point in San Francisco, California, United States, for decontamination. Those which could not be decontaminated were sunk a number of miles off the coast of San Francisco.
The "Baker" explosion, part of Operation Crossroads, a nuclear weapon test by the United States military at Bikini Atoll, Micronesia, on 25 July 1946. The wider, exterior cloud is actually just a condensation cloud caused by the Wilson chamber effect, and was very brief. There was no classic mushroom cloud rising to the stratosphere, but inside the condensation cloud the top of the water geyser formed a mushroom-like head called the cauliflower, which fell back into the lagoon (compare with this image, a photo taken slightly later, after the condensation cloud had cleared). The water released by the explosion was highly radioactive and contaminated many of the ships that were set up near it. Some were otherwise undamaged and sent to Hunter's Point in San Francisco, California, United States, for decontamination. Those which could not be decontaminated were sunk a number of miles off the coast of San Francisco.
Nagasakibomb.jpg
Atombomben över Nagasaki resulterar i ett svampformat moln som sträcker sig över 18 km upp i luften.
Atombomben över Nagasaki resulterar i ett svampformat moln som sträcker sig över 18 km upp i luften.