Newfoundland Railway
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Newfoundland Railway var en smalspårig järnväg på ön Newfoundland i Kanada, som var i drift mellan 1898 och 1988. Med en sammanlagd spårlängd på 1.458 kilometer utgjorde den det längsta smalspårsnätet i Nordamerika. Järnvägen hade spårvidd 1067 mm.[1]
Anläggande
År 1880 rekommenderade en kommitté inom Newfoundlands lagstiftande församling att en smalspårig järnväg skulle byggas från provinshuvudstaden St. John's till Halls Bay, 547 kilometer västerut. Anläggandet påbörjades på Avalonhalvön i augusti 1881. År 1884 hade Newfoundland Railway Company anlagt 92 kilometer västerut till Whitbourne, innan det gick i konkurs.
Investerare i det konkursade företaget fortsatte att anlägga en 43 kilometer lång sidolinje från Brigus Junction till Harbour Grace, vilken blev färdig i november samma år.
Newfoundlandkolonins regering åtog sig att bygga en sidolinje från Whitbourne till hamnen i Placentia 1886–1888.
Järnvägen under privat ägande
Newfoundlandkolonins regering sökte nya investerare för att fullfölja det avstannade projektet till Halls Bay, och i juni 1890 kom den överens med den Skottlandsfödde Montrealbon och järnvägsingenjören Robert Gillespie Reid (1842–1908) om att bygga och driva linjen. År 1892 nådde Reids rallare Exploits River, som låg halvvägs. Då ändrade regeringen slutdestinationen från Halls Bay 400 kilometer längre bort, först till St. George's och slutligen till Port aux Basques. Denna utvidgning av järnvägen drevs till en början separat av Newfoundland Northern and Western Railway.
Den nya linjen västerut till Port aux Basques slutfördes 1894–1898. Reid föreslog också en färjelinje över Cabotsundet mellan Port aux Basques och North Sydney, Nova Scotia och beställde ett ångfartyg från Skottland. Ångaren Bruce anlände 1897 och trafikerade rutten från Port aux Basques från juni 1898.
Senare samma övertalade Newfoundlandkolonins regering Reids bolag att ta över driften av det konkursade Newfoundland Railway Company och dess systerföretag Harbour Grace Railway, liksom den statliga bibanan Placentia branch, för att samla öns järnvägsdrift under en hatt. Reids bolag fick en koncession på 50 år samt äganderätt över markområden.
Järnvägen under statligt ägande
Under det tidiga 1920-talet växte Reid Newfoundland Companys skulder, vilket ledde till att regeringen 1923 antog Railway Settlement Act, vilken undanröjde driftskontraktet för hela järnvägssystemet och nationaliserade järnvägen. Järnvägen överfördes 1949 till det av Kanadas federala regering ägda Canadian National Railway.
Canadian National Railway gjorde stora investeringar i järnvägen och ersatte ånglokomotiven med diesellok. Canadian National Railways trafik på Newfoundland ökade med de förbättrade färje- och järnvägsförbindelserna, men konkurrensen med lastbils- och busstrafik ökade efter det att Trans-Canada Highway tvärs över ön blev klar 1965.
År 1979 omorganiserade järnvägsbolaget sitt smalspårssystem till Terra Transport som ett medel för att särskilja den bidragsberoende Newfoundland-trafiken från bolagets kärnverksamhet i form att fastlandets godstrafik. På Newfoundland fortsatte godstrafiken att minska, och alla sidolinjer på ön lades ned 1984. År 1987 avreglerade Kanada sin järnvägsindustri, vilket underlättade nedbantningen av järnvägsnätet. Canadian National Railways tidigare dotterbolag CN Marine omorganiserades till Marine Atlantic 1986 och en av de två järnvägsfärjorna såldes.
Järnvägen lades slutligen ned den 1 oktober 1988.
Bildgalleri
Ett Baldwin Pacific Class ånglokomotiv i Corner Brook
General Motors Diesel-lok nr 906, littera NF 110, som användes 1953–1988, bevarat på Railway Coastal Museum i St. John's
Järnvägsstationen i Avondale, byggd på 1880-talet
Järnvägsspår nära Deer Lake, tidigt 1900-tal
Järnvägsbro över Fishel's River, 1902
Järnvägsbron över floden Little Codroy, omkring 1910
Referenser
- Denna artikel är delvis baserad på artikeln Newfoundland Railway på engelskspråkiga Wikipedia.
- Cuff, Robert (2001). ”The Branch Lines”. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Memorial University of Newfoundland. http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/economy/railway-branch-lines.php.
Noter
- ^ Cuff, Robert (2001). ”Railway”. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Memorial University of Newfoundland. http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/railway.html.
Externa länkar
Media som används på denna webbplats
Newfoundland Railway Stamp
They were built specifically for the 3 ft. 6 in. gauge railroad on Newfoundland. Roger Puta photographed one in 1968. Most of them were exported to Nicaragua and Chile. They look like a GP7 with no short hood or a SW1200 with a high hood.
CN 925 with Train 102, the Caribou arriving at St. John, Newfoundland on August 25, 1968. CN 925 is a GMD NF210 and CN 901 is an older GMD NF110.
For more photos see www.rrpicturearchives.net/locoPicture.aspx?id=156806
The NF210 Wikipedia entry is at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMD_NF210_(14773618602).jpg)
Författare/Upphovsman: Internet Archive Book Images, Licens: No restrictions
Identifier: newfoundlandatbe00harv (find matches)
Title: Newfoundland at the beginning of the 20th century : a treatise of history and development
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors: Harvey, M. (Moses), 1820-1901
Subjects: George V, King of Great Britain, 1865-1936
Publisher: New York : The South Publishing Co.
Contributing Library: Robarts - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto
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Descending Rapids, Humber River.
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A Bit of the Railway Track near Deer Lake. NEWFOUNDLAND. 69 the second largest in the island. This river enters the soundthrough a narrow gorge nearly three miles in length, shut inby precipitous rocks, which shoot up several hundred feet per-pendicularly and present scenes of marvellous grandeur. Atthe termination of this gorge the Humber River widens, thehills recede and the stream flows through a valley from threeto seven miles wide, till the lower end of Deer Lake is reached,twelve miles from the sound. Around it, especially to theeastward and northward, is a fine expanse of flat rollingcountry stretching away in the former direction towards GrandLake. It is estimated that the Humber Valley contains 800square miles, a fair proportion of which is cultivable land. From the Humber district to Halls Bay, an arm of NotreDame Bay, on the northeastern coast, a level plain extendsacross the island. A chain of small lakes, connected byrivers, extends the greater part of the distance, so th
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Författare/Upphovsman: shankar s. from Dubai, united arab emirates, Licens: CC BY 2.0
Taken in a light rain, here is another perspective of the NF 110 class diesel locomotive # 906 of the erstwhile Newfoundland Railway. This engine hauled freight and passenger trains on the Nfl. Railway beween 1953 and 1988. After the railway closed in 1988, # 906 was one of the nine engines preserved on the island. The rest were either scrapped, or sold to railways in Chile,Nicaragua, Nigeria etc. (St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, June 2015)
Författare/Upphovsman: Jkan997, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Map of newfoundland_railway
Created using ShareMap.org
ShareMap:jkan/Newfounland_railway]_(14773644332).jpg)
Författare/Upphovsman: Internet Archive Book Images, Licens: No restrictions
Identifier: newfoundlandatbe00harv (find matches)
Title: Railway Bridge at Fishel's River on the line of the Newfoundland Railway - Newfoundland at the beginning of the 20th century : a treatise of history and development
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors: Harvey, M. (Moses), 1820-1901
Subjects: George V, King of Great Britain, 1865-1936
Publisher: New York : The South Publishing Co.
Contributing Library: Robarts - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto
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About This Book: Catalog Entry
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This route was found to be much more favorable than that already surveyed to the north. It passed through the best lands in the island along the Exploits and Humber Valleys, to the Bay of Islands, and then turning south opened St. Georges Bay, the Codroy Valley and found a terminus at Port-aux-Basques, a fine harbor only ninety-three miles distant from North Sydney, Cape Breton. It was speedily and wisely decided to adopt this new route and to carry the northern line no further than Exploits,thence westward across the island and on to the southwestern extremity of the island at Port-aux-Basques, with the view of I70 NEWFOUNDLAND. connecting the colony with the continent by a swift steamer to North Sydney. A new contract was signed on this basis on May 16, 1893.The total distance from St. Johns to Port-aux-Basques was found to be 548 miles. It was completed in 1898. The terms of the contract were highly favorable to the colony. For constructing and operating the line payment was to be at the rate
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Newfoundland Railway Bridge. of $15,600 per mile in debentures of the Government of Newfoundland, bearing interest at three and a half per cent. per annum. Under the operating contract there was to be a grant in fee-simple to the contractor of 5,000 acres of land for each mile to be operated. Should the line be 500 miles in length NEWFOUNDLAND. 171 the land grant would be 2,500,000 acres. These grants were to be taken in alternate sections on each side of the railway,the colony retaining the same quantity of land given to the contractor, also in alternate sections, so as to prevent anything having the appearance of a monopoly. The grant being wilderness, land can only be turned to profitable account by the con-tractor by promoting settlement and the utilization of whatever resources they may contain, thus securing an increase of the population and wealth of the country, and swelling the revenue.It is the interest of the contractor to turn these lands to the best account, and in doing so he w
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Författare/Upphovsman: Magicpiano, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Avondale Railway Station, Avondale, Newfoundland.
_(14762934064).jpg)
Författare/Upphovsman: Internet Archive Book Images, Licens: No restrictions
Identifier: nfldquart190911uoft (find matches)
Title: Newfoundland Quarterly 1909-11
Year: 1909 (1900s)
Authors: Evans, John J.
Subjects: Newfoundland and Labrador Studies and Periodicals
Publisher:
Contributing Library: Memorial - University of Newfoundland
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'
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RAILWAY BRIDGE LITTLE RIVER, CODROY. THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY.-17. Old Time Newfoundland. By D. W. Prowse, LL.D. HE admirers of Bacon in our day, who credit him troutin but he did not wish it to be generally known for fear it ftf 1 tn cr\ iv\ n n i r •,, r.-,»-. .-1 .^ ,.£. . 1 1 j. _ J with so many wonderful literary works, seem tohave forgotten that the great Chancellor was anexceedingly busy man, an active politician, agreat public officer. Letters and science werethe mere amusement of his scanty leisure. Thechit-f impression he made on his own times, asBen Johnson tells us, was not as a writer, but asa splendid public speaker. Far in advance ofhis age, he believed in the Colonies, and, like Cecil Rhodes, hewas both an empire founder and a company promoter. As thechief organiser of The London and Bristol Company for Colonising Newfoundland, he drew both the highly coloured prospectus and the rules for the new enterprise. His clear visionforesaw the vast importance of a great
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Författare/Upphovsman: Shhewitt, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
The Coastal Railway Museum, located on Water Street in St. John's Newfoundland.
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Baldwin Pacific Class 4-6-2 steam locomotive at Humbermouth Historic Train site, Corner Brook, Newfoundland. (Source: M. Tipple)