Nachtigallbataljonen
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Nachtigallbataljonen var ett av de första utländska förbanden i nazityska Wehrmachts 1. Brandenburgerdivision och bildades i mars 1941 och upplöstes i december 1941. Bataljonen bestod av ukrainska nationalister. Nachtigallbataljonen befann sig i frontlinjen då Tyskland i juni 1941 inledde Operation Barbarossa, angreppet på Sovjetunionen. Bland de kriminella aktiviteter som Nachtigallbataljonen deltog i var bland annat pogromerna 3–7 juli mot judar i Lvov, som intogs de första dagarna under kriget. Nachtigallbataljonen hade dock lämnat Lvov under de så kallade Petljura-dagarna.[1] Bataljonen hade då nått byar utanför Vinnytsia där de massmördade de judiska invånarna.
General Roman Sjuchevitj var befälhavare för Nachtigallbataljonen.
Roland- och Nachtigallbataljonerna omstrukturerades så småningom till polisenheter och inlemmades i polisbataljon 201, som genomförde aktioner mot sovjetiska partisaner i Vitryssland.
I Lviv som är dagens ultranationalisters starkaste fäste bär en av gatorna sedan ett par år tillbaka namnet Nachtigal.[källa behövs]
Se även
- Rolandbataljonen
- 14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (galizische Nr. 1) senare 1. Ukrainska nationalarmén
Referenser
Noter
- ^ Lvov Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Läst 5 november 2016
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Nachtigall Battalion (1941)
Photograph of the Lviv pogrom on or around 1 July 1941 in Lviv, German-occupied Poland (now Ukraine). The Germans encouraged attacks on the Jewish community in two pogroms, 30 June – 2 July 1941 and 25 – 29 July 1941, during which around 6,000 Polish Jews were killed by Ukrainian nationalists and local people. John-Paul Himka (2011). "The Lviv Pogrom of 1941: The Germans, Ukrainian Nationalists, and the Carnival Crowd". Canadian Slavonic Papers 53 (2–4): 209–243.: "A woman stripped to her underwear is being chased by a uniformed boy with a stick as well as by an adolescent. The action is taking place near Zamarstyniv street prison [Lviv], on a street then called Pompierska. Now that street is called Vesela, that is, HappyStreet. (Courtesy of Wiener Library)" (p. 233). "One of the characteristic features of the pogrom was the maltreatment and humiliation of Jewish women. The scenes at Zamarstyniv street were photographed by a German camera crew; there is also a film of the abuse" (p. 213). Of this image, figure 4: "In the women's action of 1 July, memoirs and photographs show the perpetrators as mainly grown men, but also teenagers and even children (Figure 4)" (p. 233). Himka writes of the photographs: "The major collection of photographs is in the Wiener Library, photos 1615, 1618, 1635, 1650, 1676, 1677 (photo 1647 actually shows a naked and bloodied man). These photos are frequently reproduced. ... Another photo from this same incident is in USHMM, Photo Archives, 86319" (p. 213, note 13). There is also a film of the pogrom: "USHMM Film Archive, tape 402, story RG-60.0441. This film is in very damaged condition. But many stills made from a less deteriorated copy are available in USHMM, Photo Archives, 73666" (Himka, p. 213, note 14). For more on the film, see below.