Messier 28
Messier 28 | |
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Klotformiga stjärnhopen Messier 28. Foto: NASA/ESA/Hubble/J.E. Grindlay et al | |
Observationsdata | |
Stjärnbild | Skytten |
Rektascension | 18t 24m 32,89s[1] |
Deklination | -24° 52′ 11,4″[1] |
Klass | IV[3] |
Avstånd | 17 900[2] ljusår |
Skenbar storlek | 11,2 bågminuter[4] |
Skenbar magnitud | +7,66[1] |
Noterbart | Innehåller den första pulsaren som upptäckts i en klotformig stjärnhop.[5] |
Fysiska egenskaper | |
Massa | 5,51 x 105[2] solmassor |
VHB | 15,55 ± 0,10[6] |
Uppskattad ålder | 12[7] miljarder |
Upptäckt | |
Upptäcktsår | 1764 |
Upptäckare | Charles Messier |
Andra beteckningar | |
GCl 94, M 28, NGC 6626[1] | |
Se också: Klotformiga stjärhopar, Lista över klotformiga stjärhopar |
Messier 28 (M28) eller NGC 6626 är en klotformig stjärnhop av skenbar magnitud 7,7 i stjärnbilden Skytten. Den upptäcktes 1764 av Charles Messier och ligger omkring 18 000 ljusår bort från vårt solsystem. Messier 28 har en diameter på 60 ljusår och ligger mindre än en grad från stjärnan Kaus Borealis, av tredje magnituden. Han beskrev den kort som en "nebulosa som inte innehåller någon stjärna... rund, sedd med svårighet i 3 ½-fots teleskop; diameter 2 bågminuter”.[8]
Egenskaper
Stjärnhopen är svagt synligt som en dimmig fläck med en handikare[9] och kan lätt hittas i ett litet teleskop med en 8 cm objektivöppning, som visar som ett nebulöst objekt som sträcker sig över 11,2 bågminuter. Med en objektivöppning på 15 cm blir kärnan synlig och några distinkta stjärnor kan upplösas längs periferin. Större teleskop ger större upplösning[4] och ett teleskop på 25 cm visar en tät kärna på 2 bågminuter med större densitet i mitten.[9]
Messier 28 befinner sig ungefär 17 900 ljusår från jorden.[2] Dess massa är omkring 551 000[2] solmassor och dess metallicitet i genomsnitt −1,32 eller mer än 10 gånger mindre än solens, typiskt för äldre stjärnor. Dess ålder sätts till mycket ungefärligt 12 miljard år.[7] 18 stycken RR Lyrae-typ variabla stjärnor har hittats inom hopen.
Messier 28 har den först upptäckta millisekundpulsaren i en klotformig stjärnhop, PSR B1821–24, funnen med Lovell Telescope vid Jodrell Bank Observatory i England.[5] Totalt 11 ytterligare av dessa har senare upptäckts i stjärnhopen med Green Bank Telescope at Green Bank Observatory i West Virginia. År 2011 är dessa tredje flest i en stjärnhop i Vintergatan, efter Terzan 5 och 47 Tucanae. [10]
Galleri
- (c) ESA/Hubble, CC BY 4.0Messier 28 taken by Hubble.[11]
- 2.5' view of M28 taken by Hubble Space Telescope.
- Messier 28 on 2MASS; wide angle
- Map showing location of M28 (Roberto Mura)
Se även
- Klotformiga stjärnhopar
- Messierobjekt
Referenser
Noter
- ^ [a b c d] http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Messier+28. Hämtad 2006-11-16.
- ^ [a b c d] Boyles, J.; Lorimer, D. R.; Turk, P. J.; Mnatsakanov, R.; Lynch, R. S.; Ransom, S. M.; Freire, P. C.; Belczynski, K. (November 2011), ”Young Radio Pulsars in Galactic Globular Clusters”, The Astrophysical Journal 742 (1): 51, doi: , Bibcode: 2011ApJ...742...51B.
- ^ Shapley, Harlow; Sawyer, Helen B. (August 1927), ”A Classification of Globular Clusters”, Harvard College Observatory Bulletin 849 (849): 11–14, Bibcode: 1927BHarO.849...11S.
- ^ [a b] Inglis, Mike (2004), Astronomy of the Milky Way: Observer's guide to the northern sky, Patrick Moore's Practical Astronomy Series, "1", Springer, s. 21, ISBN 978-1852337094, Bibcode: 2003amwn.book.....I, https://books.google.com/books?id=y4t_-459RPUC&pg=SA2-PA8.
- ^ [a b] ”JBO - Stars”. JBO - Stars. Jodrell Bank Observatory. http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/tech/lovell/aunstar.html.
- ^ Testa, Vincenzo; Corsi, Carlo E.; Andreuzzi, Gloria; Iannicola, Giacinto; Marconi, Gianni; Piersimoni, Anna Marina; Buonanno, Roberto (February 2001), ”Horizontal-Branch Morphology and Dense Environments: Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Globular Clusters NGC 2298, 5897, 6535, and 6626”, The Astronomical Journal 121 (2): 916–934, doi: , Bibcode: 2001AJ....121..916T
- ^ [a b] Koleva, M.; Prugniel, Ph.; Ocvirk, P.; Le Borgne, D.; Soubiran, C. (April 2008), ”Spectroscopic ages and metallicities of stellar populations: validation of full spectrum fitting”, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 385 (4): 1998–2010, doi: , Bibcode: 2008MNRAS.385.1998K
- ^ Burnham, Robert (1979), Burnham's celestial handbook: an observer's guide to the universe beyond the solar system, Dover books explaining science, "3" (2nd), Dover Publications, s. 1609, ISBN 978-0486236735, https://archive.org/details/burnhamscelestia03burn/page/1609
- ^ [a b] Thompson, Robert Bruce; Thompson, Barbara Fritchman (2007), Illustrated Guide to Astronomical Wonders, Diy Science, O'Reilly Media, Inc., s. 402, ISBN 978-0596526856, https://books.google.com/books?id=ymt9nj_uPhwC&pg=PA402.
- ^ Bogdanov, Slavko; van den Berg, Maureen; Servillat, Mathieu; Heinke, Craig O.; Grindlay, Jonathan E.; Stairs, Ingrid H.; Ransom, Scott M.; Freire, Paulo C. C.; et al. (April 2011), ”Chandra X-ray Observations of 12 Millisecond Pulsars in the Globular Cluster M28”, The Astrophysical Journal 730 (2): 81, doi: , Bibcode: 2011ApJ...730...81B
- ^ ”Nebulous, but no nebula” (på engelska). www.spacetelescope.org. https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1910a/.
Externa länkar
- Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Messier 28.
- Globular Cluster M28 @ SEDS Messier pages
- Messier 28, Galactic Globular Clusters Database page
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Media som används på denna webbplats
Messier 28
M28 is a globular cluster located 17,900 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Sagittarius. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764. With an apparent magnitude of 7.7, the cluster appears as a faint patch of light through a pair of binoculars. Large telescopes can resolve its individual stars more effectively. The month of August is the best time to view M28.
The cluster is most notable for being the first of its kind known to contain a millisecond pulsar: PSR B1821–24. This dense neutron star rotates rapidly (about once every three milliseconds) and emits radiation from its poles, which sweeps past Earth as the star spins, much like a beam of light from a lighthouse. This makes it appear to be pulsing to observers on Earth. PSR B1821–24 was discovered in 1986 using a radio telescope in England called the Lovell Telescope.
This Hubble image of M28’s center was assembled from observations taken at visible, infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths.(c) ESA/Hubble, CC BY 4.0
This Hubble Picture of the Week shows Messier 28, a globular cluster in the constellation of Sagittarius (The Archer), in jewel-bright detail. It is about 18 000 light-years away from Earth.
As its name suggests, this cluster belongs to the Messier catalogue of objects — however, when astronomer Charles Messier first added Messier 28 to his list in 1764, he catalogued it incorrectly, referring to it as a “[round] nebula containing no star”. While today we know nebulae to be vast, often glowing clouds of interstellar dust and ionised gases, until the early twentieth century a nebula represented any astronomical object that was not clearly localised and isolated. Any unidentified hazy light source could be called a nebula. In fact, all 110 of the astronomical objects identified by Messier were combined under the title of the Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters. He classified many objects as diverse as star clusters and supernova remnants as nebulae. This includes Messier 28, pictured here — which, ironically, is actually a star cluster.
Messier’s mistake is understandable. Whilst Messier 28 is easily recognisable as a globular stellar cluster in this image, it is far less recognisable from Earth. Even with binoculars it is only visible very faintly, as the distorting effects of the Earth’s atmosphere reduce this luminous ancient cluster to a barely visible smudge in the sky. One would need larger telescopes to resolve single stars in Messier 28. Fortunately, from space Hubble allows Messier 28 to be seen in all its beauty — far more than a faint, shapeless, nebulous cloud.en:Messier 28 globular cluster by en:Hubble Space Telescope; 2.5′ view