Mende

För andra betydelser, se Mende (olika betydelser).
Mande
WLA ima Mende People helmet mask for Sande association.jpg
Mandemask tillverkad mellan 1900 och 1930.
Regioner med betydande antal
Sierra Leone
Liberia
Språk

Mandespråk

Religion
  • Traditionell religion
  • Islam
  • Kristendom
Besläktade folkgrupper

Mende är ett folkslag (omkring 1,2 miljoner)[när?] som främst lever i Sierra Leone och Liberia. Folkgruppen talar mandespråk.[1] Mendefolket utgör majoriteten i Sierra Leone.

Deras muntliga tradition antyder att de invandrade till området från Sudan mellan 100-talet och 1500-talet. Sedan urminnes tider odlar de afrikanskt ris och flera andra grödor och tillämpar växelbruk för att skydda marken från utarmning.

Mendefolket är även kända för sina täljstensskulpturer med stora läppar, breda näsor och utstående ögon som ger dem deras dova, urmodiga karaktär. Deras berömda hjälmmasker används i de hemliga sällskap, poro och bundu, som styr den religiösa och sociala vardagen för de mende som inte konverterat till Islam (ca 30 %) eller kristendomen (ca 15 %).

Källor

  1. ^ ”Mende | people | Britannica” (på engelska). www.britannica.com. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mende-people. Läst 9 februari 2023. 

Media som används på denna webbplats

Question book-4.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Tkgd2007, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
A new incarnation of Image:Question_book-3.svg, which was uploaded by user AzaToth. This file is available on the English version of Wikipedia under the filename en:Image:Question book-new.svg
WLA ima Mende People helmet mask for Sande association.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Wikipedia Loves Art participant "Opal_Art_Seekers_4", Licens: CC BY 2.5

helmet mask for Sande association
Culture or people Mende people
Creation date 1900-1930
Materials wood, pigment, mastic, fiber, metals, cowrie shells, claws
Dimensions 16 1/8 x 8 1/2 x 9 in.
Credit line Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Harrison Eiteljorg
Accession number 1989.387
http://www.imamuseum.org/explore/artwork/33830

Helmet masks of the Mende, Vai, Gola, Bassa and other peoples of the sub-region are the best documented instance of women’s masking in Africa. These masks are used by the Sande association, a powerful organization with social, political and religious significance. Although worn only by women, these masks, as is the case elsewhere in Africa, are carved by men.

Girls who have reached puberty are taken into a special initiation school in the bush for a number of months. During this time, they learn the secrets of the Sande association and acquire the skills and knowledge necessary for womanhood. It is primarily during this period that maskers—women who are already initiated—appear.

Masks which are owned by middle-level Sande association members embody personal protective spirits. In order to attract spirits, masks are made to be ideal presentations of feminine beauty with shiny black surfaces, neck rings and elaborate hairstyles. The masker, who sees through slits in the neck or eyes, wears a garment of blackened plant fibers.

The elaborate hairstyles represented in Sande masks resemble those worn by local women. They include amulets, cowrie shells and animal claws. In many areas in Africa, projections from the top of the head are believed to represent the wisdom and intelligence of an individual, and the pointed elements of some Sande masks may refer to this belief.

Wikipedia Loves Art at the Indianapolis Museum of Art

This photo of item # 1989.387 at the Indianapolis Museum of Art was contributed under the team name "Opal_Art_Seekers_4" as part of the Wikipedia Loves Art project in February 2009.
Indianapolis Museum of Art

The original photograph on Flickr was taken by Forever Wiserplease add a comment to the original Flickr page whenever a use has been made on Wikipedia or another project.
Project galleries on Flickr: this institution, this team