Lynchning

Offentlig lynchning av Henry Smith i Paris, Texas, 1893. Den afroamerikanske Smith beskylldes av folkmassan för barnamord och våldtäkt på en vit flicka.[1]

Lynchning är ett slag av egenmäktig rättskipning, varigenom straff omedelbart utkrävs av en förmodad förbrytare i mer eller mindre ordnade former utan laga rannsakning och dom. I allmänhet består straffet i hängning, men den förmente brottslingen kan även lynchas av en uppretad folkmassa som misshandlar sitt offer till döds. Lynchning i form av våldsamt straff utan att döda kan förekomma till exempel genom metoden att smörja in offret i tjära och sedan rulla det i fjädrar.

Bakgrund

Begreppets uppkomst är oklar, men troligt är att det uppkom efter amerikanska revolutionen, där det fick namn efter överste Charles Lynch, som lät använda metoden mot förmodade kriminella och personer som stödde britterna.[2]

Lynchning associeras idag bland annat med de omfattande rasistiskt motiverade morden på svarta i USA under slutet av 1800-talet och ända fram till 1968. De flesta offren för lynchningar var afroamerikaner i sydstaterna. 83 % av alla dokumenterade lynchningar skedde i sydstaterna.[3]

Kända fall av lynchning

Galleri

Se även

Referenser

Noter

  1. ^ ”The New York Times, 1893-02-02, PDF-faksimil: "ANOTHER NEGRO BURNED - HENRY SMITH DIES AT THE STAKE"”. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F01E5DE103BEF33A25751C0A9649C94629ED7CF. Läst 26 november 2012. 
  2. ^ Lynchlag i Nordisk familjebok (andra upplagan, 1912)
  3. ^ http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/shipp/lynchingsstate.html
  4. ^ ”Strangefruit.org: Bennie Simmons”. http://www.strangefruit.org/simmons.htm. Läst 26 november 2012. 
  5. ^ Fitzhugh, W: Lynching in the New South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880-1930, University of Illinois Press, 1993, sid. 271
  6. ^ ”The New York Times, 1920-08-03, PDF-faksimil: "TEXAS MOB LYNCHES NEGRO IN JAIL YARD"”. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F3081EF73A5511738DDDAA0894D0405B808EF1D3. Läst 26 november 2012. ”"The lynching followed announcement by authorities of a full confession made to the Grand Jury now in session and also to the District Attorney."” 
  7. ^ Allen, J & Lewis, J: Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America, Twin Palms Publishers, 2000. Davidson, J W: "They say": Ida B. Wells and the Reconstruction of Race, Oxford University Press, 2007.
  8. ^ SoRelle, James M: The "Waco Horror": The Lynching of Jesse Washington. I Glasrud, B A & Smallwood, J: The African American Experience in Texas: An Anthology, Texas Tech University Press, 2007

Externa länkar

  • Wikimedia Commons har media som rör lynchning.

Media som används på denna webbplats

Postcard of the lynched Will Stanley front and back.jpg
The charred body of Will Stanley, lynched by burning in Temple, Texas, July 29-30, 1915.

The card bears the advertising stamp, "KATY ELECTRIC STUDIO TEMPLE TEXAS. H. LIPPE PROP." Inscribed in brown ink: 'This is the Barbecue we had last night my picture is to the left with a cross over it your son Joe." References

Lynching of Bennie Simmons.jpg
"The Lynching of Bennie Simmons, soaked in coal oil before being set on fire. June 13, 1913, Anadarko, Oklahoma. Gelatin silver paint. Real photo postcard. 3 1/2 x 5 1/2" Etched into negative: 'Edies Photo Anadarko Oklo.' Purchased in Oklahoma." (Info quoted from p. 166.)
Lynching of Laura Nelson, May 1911.jpg
The barefoot corpse of lynched Laura Nelson. May 25, 1911, Okemah, Oklahoma. Gelatin silver print. Real photo postcard. 3 1/2 x 5 1/2". Etched in the negative:"copyright-1911-g.h.farnum, okemah. okla 2898." Stamp on reverse, "unmailable."
  • District Judge Caruthers convened a grand jury in June 1911 to investigate the lynching of the Laura Nelson and her son. In his instructions to the jury, he said,
"The people of the state have said by recently adopted constitutional provision that the race to which the unfortunate victims belonged should in large measure be divorced from participation in our political contests, because of their known racial inferiority and their dependent credulity, which very characteristic made them the mere tool of the designing and cunning. It is well known that I heartily concur in this constitutional provision of the people's will. The more then does the duty devolve upon us of a superior race and of greater intelligence to protect this weaker race from unjustifiable and lawless attacks."
Henry-smith-2-1-1893-paris-tx-2.jpg
Photo of public lynching of Henry Smith in Paris, Texas in 1893.
Lynching of Redmond, Roberson and Addison.jpg
"The lynching of Jim Redmond, Gus Roberson, and Bob Addison, and one onlooker. May 17, 1892. Habersham County, Georgia. Gelatin silver paint. 4 3/4 x 6 3/4"." (Info quoted from p. 165.)
Anon lynching, c 1900, unknown location, US.jpg
"The bludgeoned body of an African American male, propped in a rocking chair, blood-spattered clothes, white and dark paint applied to face, circular disks glued to cheeks, cotton glued to face and head, shadow of a man using rod to prop up the victim's head. Circa 1900, location unknown. Gelatin silver paint. Real photo postcard. 5 3/8 x 2 7/8"." (Info quote from p. 165.)