Italienska fälttåget under andra världskriget
| Fälttåget i Italien | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Del av Andra världskriget | |||||||
 Amerikanska soldater avfyrar en bazooka mot ett tyskt kulsprutenäste i Lucca, 1944. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Stridande | |||||||
| Allierade
| Axelmakterna
| ||||||
| Befälhavare och ledare | |||||||
AFHQ: Dwight D. Eisenhower (till januari 1944) Henry Maitland Wilson (Jan till dec 1944) Harold Alexander(från december 1944) | Armégrupp C: Albert Kesselring Heinrich von Vietinghoff (tillfångatagen) (Okt 44 till Jan 45 och Mars 45 & vidare)  Benito Mussolini † Rodolfo Graziani (tillfångatagen) | ||||||
| Förluster | |||||||
| Sicilien: 22 000 förluster[1] Italienska fastlandet: ~305 000[2][3][4][5]–313 495 förluster[6] 8 011 flygplan[6] | Sicilien: 165 000 förluster (av vilka 30 000 var tyskar)[7] Italienska fastlandet: 336 650[8]–580 630 förluster[2] | ||||||
| |||||
Italienska fälttåget under andra världskriget var de allierades operationer i och runt Italien, från 1943 till slutet av kriget i Europa.
Förenade Allied Forces Headquarters (AFHQ) hade befäl över alla allierade landstyrkor på Medelhavsfronten. Högkvarteret planerade och ledde över den allierade invasionen av Sicilien och fälttåget på det italienska fastlandet tills de tyska styrkorna i Italien kapitulerade i början av maj 1945.
Mellan september 1943 och april 1945 stupade minst 60 000 allierade och 50 000 tyska soldater i Italien.[5] De allierades totala förluster under fälttåget uppgick till cirka 320 000, medan axelmakternas (utom de som var inblandade i den slutgiltiga kapitulationen) uppgick till ca 336 650.[8]
Inget fälttåg i Medelhavsområdet och Mellanöstern kostade mer än fälttåget i Italien när det kommer till förlorade liv och sår som drabbade de allierades infanteristyrkor.[9]
De självständiga staterna San Marino och Vatikanstaten, båda omgivna av italienskt territorium, drabbades också av skador under fälttåget.
Referenser
Noter
- ^ Shaw, s. 120.
- ^ [a b] Ellis, s. 255
- ^ ”European Theater”. Worldwar2history.info. http://www.worldwar2history.info/Europe/.
- ^ ”The Italian Campaign”. Webcitation.org. Arkiverad från originalet den 26 oktober 2009. https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/limeydvr/italycamp6.htm&date=2009-10-26+01:50:36.
- ^ [a b] Blaxland (1979), s. 11
- ^ [a b] Jackson, s. 335
- ^ Hosch 2009, page 122.
- ^ [a b] Jackson, s. 400
- ^ Keegan, John "The Second World War" Penguin Books 2005 ISBN 0143035738, s. 368
Litteratur
- Blaxland, Gregory (1979). Alexander's Generals (the Italian Campaign 1944-1945). London: William Kimber. ISBN 0-7183-0386-5.
- Blumenson, Martin (1969). Salerno to Cassino. United States Army in World War II, Mediterranean Theater of Operations. "Volume 3". Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, U.S. Army. OCLC 22107.
- Bohmler, Rudolf (1964). Monte Cassino: a German View. Cassell. ASIN B000MMKAYM.
- Brooks, Thomas R. (2003). The War North of Rome (June 1944-May 1945). Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81256-9.
- Carver, Field Marshal Lord (2001). The Imperial War Museum Book of the War in Italy 1943-1945. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0-330-48230-0.
- Churchill, Winston (2002) [1959]. The Second World War. London: Pimlico. ISBN 0712667024.
- Clark, Mark (2007) [1950]. Calculated Risk. New York: Enigma Books. ISBN 978-1-929631-59-9.
- D'Este, Carlo (1990). World War II in the Mediterranean (1942-1945 Major Battles and Campaigns). Algonquin Books. ISBN 978-0-945575-04-7.
- Ellis, John (1993). The World War II Databook: The Essential Facts and Figures for all the combatants. BCA. ISBN 978-1-85410-254-6.
- Harpur, Brian (1981). The Impossible Victory. Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-518-3.
- Hosch, William L. (2009). World War II: People, Politics, and Power. New York: Britannica Educational Publishing/The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 1-61530-046-5.
- Jackson, General W.G.F. & with Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO 1988]. The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume VI: Part III - November 1944 to May 1945. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-072-6.
- Katz, Robert (2003). The Battle for Rome. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-1642-5.
- Keegan, John (2005) [1989]. The Second World War. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-303573-2.
- Liddell Hart, Basil (1992) [1970]. History of the Second World War. London: Papermac. ISBN 0333582624.
- Moraes, Mascarenhas (1966). The Brazilian Expeditionary Force By Its Commander. US Government Printing Office. ASIN: B000PIBXCG.
- Montemaggi, Amedeo (2002). LINEA GOTICA 1944. La battaglia di Rimini e lo sbarco in Grecia decisivi per l'Europa sud-orientale e il Mediterraneo. Rimini: Museo dell'Aviazione.
- Montemaggi, Amedeo (2006). LINEA GOTICA 1944: scontro di civiltà. Rimini: Museo dell'Aviazione.
- Montemaggi, Amedeo (2008). CLAUSEWITZ SULLA LINEA GOTICA. Imola: Angelini Editore.
- Montemaggi, Amedeo (2010). ITINERARI DELLA LINEA GOTICA 1944. Guida storico iconografica ai campi di battaglia. Rimini: Museo dell'Aviazione.
- Orgill, Douglas (1967). The Gothic Line (The Autumn Campaign in Italy 1944). London: Heinemann.
- Weinberg, Gerhard L. (1994). A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521443173.
Vidare läsning
- Mavrogordato, Ralph S. (2000 (reissue from 1960)). ”Chapter 12: Hitler's Decision on the Defense of Italy”. i Kent Roberts Greenfield. Command Decisions. United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 70-7. http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_12.htm.
- Matthews, Sidney T. (2000 (reissue from 1960)). ”Chapter 14: General Clark's Decision to Drive to Rome”. i Kent Roberts Greenfield. Command Decisions. United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 70-7. http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_14.htm.
Externa länkar
- ”Gothic Line”. http://www.gothicline.org. Läst 3 juli 2011.
- World War II
- Ortona and the Italian Campaign - 65th Anniversary
- Canadians in Italy, 1943-1945 Media, fotografier och info om kanadensarna i den italienska krigsskådeplatsen.
- Brazilian WWII Veterans website (portugisiska)
- Brazilian Expeditionary Force Website (portugisiska) with histories, biographies, photos, videos on Italian Campaign.
- New Zealand Official War History Italy volume I: From The Sangro to Cassino, Italy Volume II: From Cassino to Trieste
- Memoirs of Lt-Col Donald, NZEF (Italy, Chapters 8-15)
- Dal Volturno a Cassino, webbplats (på italienska) som berättar om hösten / vintern 1943 - 44
- World War II propaganda leaflets - use in Italy: A website about airdropped, artillery-delivered or rocket-fired propaganda leaflets. Fälttåget i Italien.
- BBC's flash video of the Italian Campaign
- Canadian Newspapers and the Second World War - The Sicilian and Italian Campaigns, 1943-1945
- Liberatori: A website on the Po river breakout and the liberation of the small town of Cornuda.
- Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers and Second World War (Italian Campaign)
- CBC Digital Archives - The Italian Campaign
- (italienska) La Città Invisibile Collection of signs, stories and memories during the Gothic Line age.
- (italienska) Italian Partisan Collection of stories and memories from Italian partisan.
- Italy Volume I, The Sangro to Cassino the New Zealand Official War History
- Italy Volume II, From Cassino to Trieste the New Zealand Official War History
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