Iranska språk
| Iranska språk | |
| Talas i |  Iran Tadzjikistan Afghanistan Pakistan Armenien Ryssland Israel[källa behövs] Azerbajdzjan Georgien Turkiet Irak Syrien Libanon[källa behövs] |
|---|---|
| Region | VästasienSydasien |
| Antal talare | ca 150-200 miljoner |
| Språkfamilj | Indoeuropeiska språk
|
| Språkkoder | |
| ISO 639‐2 | ira |
| ISO 639‐3 | – |
(c) Dbachmann, CC BY-SA 3.0
Iranska språk är en språkgrupp inom den indoeuropeiska språkfamiljen med totalt ca 150-200 miljoner talare, främst i sydvästra Asien.[1][2] De största iranska språken är persiska, pashto och olika kurdiska språk.[3]
Iranska språk brukar indelas i västiranska och östiranska med undergrupper. Det finns 96 iranska språk.
Iranska språk omfattar följande undergrupper i respektive land:[4]
- Yagnobi, munji, sanglechi-ishkashimi, tangshewi, parachi, aimaq, darwazi, hazaragi, pahlavani, dari, tadzjikiska och pashto.
- Iran:
- Baluchiska, bashkardi, koroshi, gilaki, mazanderani, shahmirzadi, ashtiani, persiska (farsi), dari, Gazi, khunsari, natanzi, nayini, parsi-dari, sivandi, soi, vafsi, khalaj, kurdiska (sorani), lasgerdi, sangisari, semnani, sorkhei, alviri-vidari, eshtehardi, gozarkhani, harzani, karingani, koresh-e-rostam, razajerdi, rudbari, shahrudi, takestani, taromi, maraghei, kho'ini, kajali, kabatei, dezfuli, lari, bakhtiari, luriska (och Feyli-luriska) och tat.
- Irak:
- Kurdiska/kurdi (Sorani), Kurmanji/Kurdi-bahdini/ Feyli-kurdiska,
- Syrien :
- Kurdiska (Kurdi-Kurmanji)
- Bukhari, dzhidi och judeo-tat.
- Kurdiska-kurdi-kurmanji, Kurdi-zazaki
- Ossetiskan i Georgien och Ryssland samt tat i Azerbajdzjan.
- Yagnobi, munji, sanglechi-ishkashimi, tangshewi, parachi, aimaq, darwazi, hazaragi, pahlavani, dari och tadzjikiska.
- Utdöda:
- Avestiska, baktriska, chorasmiska, fornpersiska, khotanesiska, sakiska, skytiska, och sogdiska.
Källor
- ^ ”Iranian languages” (på engelska). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Iranian-languages. Läst 19 januari 2021.
- ^ ”Iranian language family | SIL in Eurasia”. eurasia.sil.org. https://eurasia.sil.org/language/linguistics/iranian_language_family. Läst 19 januari 2021.
- ^ Ghosh, Iman (15 februari 2020). ”Ranked: The 100 Most Spoken Languages Around the World” (på amerikansk engelska). Visual Capitalist. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/100-most-spoken-languages/. Läst 19 januari 2021.
- ^ ”Glottolog 4.3 - Iranian”. glottolog.org. https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/iran1269. Läst 19 januari 2021.
Se även
Externa länkar
- Kümmel, Martin Joachim. "Areal developments in the history of Iranic: West vs. East." BOOK OF ABSTRACTS.
- Ethnologue.com
Media som används på denna webbplats
Flag of Iran.svg
Flag of Iran. The tricolor flag was introduced in 1906, but after the Islamic Revolution of 1979 the Arabic words 'Allahu akbar' ('God is great'), written in the Kufic script of the Qur'an and repeated 22 times, were added to the red and green strips where they border the white central strip and in the middle is the emblem of Iran (which is a stylized Persian alphabet of the Arabic word Allah ("God")).
The official ISIRI standard (translation at FotW) gives two slightly different methods of construction for the flag: a compass-and-straightedge construction used for File:Flag of Iran (official).svg, and a "simplified" construction sheet with rational numbers used for this file.
Flag of Iran. The tricolor flag was introduced in 1906, but after the Islamic Revolution of 1979 the Arabic words 'Allahu akbar' ('God is great'), written in the Kufic script of the Qur'an and repeated 22 times, were added to the red and green strips where they border the white central strip and in the middle is the emblem of Iran (which is a stylized Persian alphabet of the Arabic word Allah ("God")).
The official ISIRI standard (translation at FotW) gives two slightly different methods of construction for the flag: a compass-and-straightedge construction used for File:Flag of Iran (official).svg, and a "simplified" construction sheet with rational numbers used for this file.
.svg)
Flag of Israel.svg
Flag of Israel. Shows a Magen David (“Shield of David”) between two stripes. The Shield of David is a traditional Jewish symbol. The stripes symbolize a Jewish prayer shawl (tallit).
Flag of Israel. Shows a Magen David (“Shield of David”) between two stripes. The Shield of David is a traditional Jewish symbol. The stripes symbolize a Jewish prayer shawl (tallit).
Flag of Syria.svg
Det är enkelt att lägga till en ram runt den här bilden
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Scythia-Parthia 100 BC.png
(c) Dbachmann, CC BY-SA 3.0
Historical spread of Iranian peoples/languages: Scythia, Sarmatia, Bactria and the Parthian Empire in about 170 BC (evidently before the Yuezhi invaded Bactria). Modern political boundaries are shown to facilitate orientation.
(c) Dbachmann, CC BY-SA 3.0
Historical spread of Iranian peoples/languages: Scythia, Sarmatia, Bactria and the Parthian Empire in about 170 BC (evidently before the Yuezhi invaded Bactria). Modern political boundaries are shown to facilitate orientation.