Grundämnenas hårdhet

Detta är en lista över grundämnenas hårdhet.

ZTGrundämneMohs hårdhetVickers hårdhet
(MPa)[1]
Brinells hårdhet
(MPa)[1]
Brinells hårdhet
(MPa)[a][2]
1HVäte
2HeHelium
3LiLitium0,65
4BeBeryllium5,51670590–1320
5BBor9,54900
6CKol (grafit)1,5
6CKol (diamant)10
7NKväve
8OSyre
9FFluor
10NeNeon
11NaNatrium0,50,69
12MgMagnesium2,526044
13AlAluminium3160–350160–550184 (glödgad)
14SiKisel6,5
15PFosfor
16SSvavel2
17ClKlor
18ArArgon
19KKalium0,40,363
20CaKalcium1,5170416
21ScSkandium736–1200
22TiTitan6830–3420716–27701028 (glödgad)
23VVanadin7628–640600–628742 (glödgad)
24CrKrom8,51060687-6500688 (glödgad)
25MnMangan6196
26FeJärn4608200-1180
27CoKobolt51043470–30001291 (glödgad)
28NiNickel4638667–1600900–1200 (glödgad)
29CuKoppar3343–369235–878520
30ZnZink2,5327–412480–520
31GaGallium1,556,8–68,7
32GeGermanium6
33AsArsenik3,51440
34SeSelen2736
35BrBrom
36KrKrypton
37RbRubidium0,30,216
38SrStrontium1,5
39YYttrium200–589
40ZrZirkonium5820–1800638–1880333
41NbNiob6870–1320735–2450735 (glödgad)
42MoMolybden5,51400–27401370–25001340
43TcTeknetium
44RuRutenium6,521601795 (glödgad)
45RhRodium61100–8000980–1350540 (glödgad)
46PdPalladium5400–600320–610310
47AgSilver2,5250245–250206 (glödgad)
48CdKadmium2203–220196
49InIndium18,83-109,8
50SnTenn1,551–75292–441
51SbAntimon3294–384
52TeTellur2180–270
53IJod
54XeXenon
55CsCesium0,20,147
56BaBarium1
57LaLantan2,5360–1750350–400
58CeCerium2,5210–470186–412
59PrPraseodym250–746250–638
60NdNeodym343–746265–700
61PmPrometium617,8
62SmSamarium412–441441–600
63EuEuropium167–200
64GdGadolinium510–950
65TbTerbium450–863677–1200
66DyDysprosium412–550500–1050
67HoHolmium412–600500–1250
68ErErbium432–700600–1070
69TmTulium470–650471–900
70YbYtterbium206–250343–441
71LuLutetium755–1160893–1300
72HfHafnium5,51520–20601450–2100
73TaTantal6,5873–1200441-3430441–1224 (glödgad)
74WVolfram7,53430–46002000–40001960–2450 (glödgad)
75ReRhenium71350-78501320–2500
76OsOsmium73920–40003487
77IrIridium6,51760–220016702120
78PtPlatina3,5400–549310–500299 (glödgad)
79AuGuld2,5188–216188–245189
80HgKvicksilver
81TlTallium126,5–44,7
82PbBly1,538–5037,5–41,8
83BiVismut2,570–94,270
84PoPolonium
85AtAstat
86RnRadon
87FrFrancium
88RaRadium
89AcAktinium
90ThTorium3294–687390–1500
91PaProtaktinium
92UUran61960–25002350–3850

Kommentarer

  1. ^ Hårdheten kan variera med flera 100 % beroende på hur materialet har bearbetats, se t.ex. Angelo Basile; Fausto Gallucci (2011). Membranes for Membrane Reactors: Preparation, Optimization and Selection. John Wiley & Sons. sid. 30–. ISBN 978-0-470-74652-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=x2OlbK7ELKoC&pg=PA30-IA43 

Källor

  1. ^ [a b] G.V. Samsonov, red (1968). ”Mechanical Properties of the Elements”. Handbook of the physicochemical properties of the elements. IFI-Plenum. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6066-7_7. ISBN 978-1-4684-6066-7. http://ihtik.lib.ru/2011.08_ihtik_nauka-tehnika/2011.08_ihtik_nauka-tehnika_3560.rar. Läst 22 februari 2016  Arkiverad 2 april 2015 hämtat från the Wayback Machine.
  2. ^ John Harris; Walter Benenson; Horst Stöcker (2002). Handbook of physics. Springer. sid. 240. ISBN 978-0-387-95269-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=c60mCxGRMR8C&pg=PA240