Grundämnenas elektronkonfigurationer

Detta är en tabell över elektronkonfigurationer för neutrala atomer i dess grundtillstånd.

Tabellen redovisar elektronskal i koncis form, utskriva elektronskal, antalet elektroner per skal samt modellbilder över elektronskalen. Elektronkonfigurationerna för nobelium (Z = 102), lawrencium (Z = 103) och rutherfordium (Z = 104) är preliminära, samt förutsagda för grundämnen med högre atomnummer (Z = ≥ 105).

Som en approximativ regel, ges elektronkonfigurationerna av Aufbauprincipen och Madelungregeln, men det finns många undantag, varav det lättaste (med lägst atomnummer) är krom (Z = 24) vilket skulle kunna förutsägas ha konfigurationen 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2, skrivet som [Ar] 3d4 4s2, men vars verkliga konfiguration – som ges i tabellen nedan – är [Ar] 3d5 4s1.

Tabell

GrundämneElektronkonfigurationElektronskal
(klicka för större bild)
1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d5f5g6s6p6d6f7s7p7d8s8p9s9p
1, Väte (H)1s1Electron shell 001 Hydrogen - no label.svgElectron shell 002 Helium - no label.svg
1s1
1
2, Helium (He)1s2
1s2
2
3, Litium (Li)[He] 2s1Electron shell 003 Lithium - no label.svgElectron shell 004 Beryllium - no label.svg
1s22s1
21
4, Beryllium (Be)[He] 2s2
1s22s2
22
5, Bor (B)[He] 2s2 2p1Electron shell 005 Boron - no label.svgElectron shell 006 Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
1s22s22p1
23
6, Kol (C)[He] 2s2 2p2
1s22s22p2
24
7, Kväve (N)[He] 2s2 2p3Electron shell 007 Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal) - no label.svgElectron shell 008 Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
1s22s22p3
25
8, Syre (O)[He] 2s2 2p4
1s22s22p4
26
9, Fluor (F)[He] 2s2 2p5Electron shell 009 Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal) - no label.svgElectron shell 010 Neon - no label.svg
1s22s22p5
27
10, Neon (Ne)[He] 2s2 2p6
1s22s22p6
28
11, Natrium (Na)[Ne] 3s1Electron shell 011 Sodium - no label.svgElectron shell 012 Magnesium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s1
281
12, Magnesium (Mg)[Ne] 3s2
1s22s22p63s2
282
13, Aluminium (Al)[Ne] 3s2 3p1Electron shell 013 Aluminium - no label.svgElectron shell 014 Silicon - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p1
283
14, Kisel (Si)[Ne] 3s2 3p2
1s22s22p63s23p2
284
15, Fosfor (F)[Ne] 3s2 3p3Electron shell 015 Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal) - no label.svgElectron shell 016 Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p3
285
16, Svavel (S)[Ne] 3s2 3p4
1s22s22p63s23p4
286
17, Klor (Cl)[Ne] 3s2 3p5Electron shell 017 Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal) - no label.svgElectron shell 018 Argon - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p5
287
18, Argon (Ar)[Ne] 3s2 3p6
1s22s22p63s23p6
288
19, Kalium (K)[Ar] 4s1Electron shell 019 Potassium - no label.svgElectron shell 020 Calcium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p64s1
2881
20, Kalcium (Ca)[Ar] 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p64s2
2882
21, Skandium (Sc)[Ar] 3d1 4s2Electron shell 021 Scandium - no label.svgElectron shell 022 Titanium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d14s2
2892
22, Titan (Ti)[Ar] 3d2 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2
28102
23, Vanadin (V)[Ar] 3d3 4s2Electron shell 023 Vanadium - no label.svgElectron shell 024 Chromium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2
28112
24, Krom (Cr)[Ar] 3d5 4s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
28131
25, Mangan (Mn)[Ar] 3d5 4s2Electron shell 025 Manganese - no label.svgElectron shell 026 Iron - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2
28132
26, Järn (Fe)[Ar] 3d6 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
28142
27, Kobolt (Co)[Ar] 3d7 4s2Electron shell 027 Cobalt - no label.svgElectron shell 028 Nickel - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2
28152
28, Nickel (Ni)[Ar] 3d8 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2
28162
29, Koppar (Cu)[Ar] 3d10 4s1Electron shell 029 Copper - no label.svgElectron shell 030 Zinc - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1
28181
30, Zink (Zn)[Ar] 3d10 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2
28182
31, Gallium (Ga)[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1Electron shell 031 Gallium - no label.svgElectron shell 032 Germanium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1
28183
32, Germanium (Ge)[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p2
28184
33, Arsenik (As)[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3Electron shell 033 Arsenic - no label.svgElectron shell 034 Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3
28185
34, Selen (Se)[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p4
28186
35, Brom (Br)[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5Electron shell 035 Bromine (diatomic nonmetal) - no label.svgElectron shell 036 Krypton - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5
28187
36, Krypton (Kr)[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
28188
37, Rubidium (Rb)[Kr] 5s1Electron shell 037 Rubidium - no label.svgElectron shell 038 Strontium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s1
281881
38, Strontium (Sr)[Kr] 5s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s2
281882
39, Yttrium (Y)[Kr] 4d1 5s2Electron shell 039 Yttrium - no label.svgElectron shell 040 Zirconium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d15s2
281892
40, Zirkonium (Zr)[Kr] 4d2 5s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d25s2
2818102
41, Niob (Nb)[Kr] 4d4 5s1Electron shell 041 Niobium - no label.svgElectron shell 042 Molybdenum - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d45s1
2818121
42, Molybden (Mo)[Kr] 4d5 5s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d55s1
2818131
43, Teknetium (Tc)[Kr] 4d5 5s2Electron shell 043 Technetium - no label.svgElectron shell 044 Ruthenium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d55s2
2818132
44, Rutenium (Ru)[Kr] 4d7 5s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d75s1
2818151
45, Rodium (Rh)[Kr] 4d8 5s1Electron shell 045 Rhodium - no label.svgElectron shell 046 Palladium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d85s1
2818161
46, Palladium (Pd)[Kr] 4d10
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d10
281818
47, Silver (Ag)[Kr] 4d10 5s1Electron shell 047 Silver - no label.svgElectron shell 048 Cadmium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s1
2818181
48, Kadmium (Cd)[Kr] 4d10 5s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s2
2818182
49, Indium (In)[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1Electron shell 049 Indium - no label.svgElectron shell 050 Tin - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p1
2818183
50, Tenn (Sn)[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p2
2818184
51, Antimon (Sb)[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3Electron shell 051 Antimony - no label.svgElectron shell 052 Tellurium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p3
2818185
52, Tellur (Te)[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p4
2818186
53, Jod (I)[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5Electron shell 053 Iodine (diatomic nonmetal) - no label.svgElectron shell 054 Xenon - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p5
2818187
54, Xenon (Xe)[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p6
2818188
55, Cesium (Cs)[Xe] 6s1Electron shell 055 Caesium - no label.svgElectron shell 056 Barium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p66s1
28181881
56, Barium (Ba)[Xe] 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p66s2
28181882
57, Lantan (La)[Xe] 5d1 6s2Electron shell 057 Lanthanum - no label.svgElectron shell 058 Cerium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p65d16s2
28181892
58, Cerium (Ce)[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f15s25p65d16s2
28181992
59, Praseodym (Pr)[Xe] 4f3 6s2Electron shell 059 Praseodymium - no label.svgElectron shell 060 Neodymium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f35s25p66s2
28182182
60, Neodym (Nd)[Xe] 4f4 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f45s25p66s2
28182282
61, Prometium (Pm)[Xe] 4f5 6s2Electron shell 061 Promethium - no label.svgElectron shell 062 Samarium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f55s25p66s2
28182382
62, Samarium (Sm)[Xe] 4f6 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f65s25p66s2
28182482
63, Europium (Eu)[Xe] 4f7 6s2Electron shell 063 Europium - no label.svgElectron shell 064 Gadolinium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f75s25p66s2
28182582
64, Gadolinium (Gd)[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f75s25p65d16s2
28182592
65, Terbium (Tb)[Xe] 4f9 6s2Electron shell 065 Terbium - no label.svgElectron shell 066 Dysprosium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f95s25p66s2
28182782
66, Dysprosium (Dy)[Xe] 4f10 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f105s25p66s2
28182882
67, Holmium (Ho)[Xe] 4f11 6s2Electron shell 067 Holmium - no label.svgElectron shell 068 Erbium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f115s25p66s2
28182982
68, Erbium (Er)[Xe] 4f12 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f125s25p66s2
28183082
69, Tulium (Tm)[Xe] 4f13 6s2Electron shell 069 Thulium - no label.svgElectron shell 070 Ytterbium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f135s25p66s2
28183182
70, Ytterbium (Yb)[Xe] 4f14 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p66s2
28183282
71, Lutetium (Lu)[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2Electron shell 071 Lutetium - no label.svgElectron shell 072 Hafnium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d16s2
28183292
72, Hafnium (Hf)[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d26s2
281832102
73, Tantal (Ta)[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2Electron shell 073 Tantalum - no label.svgElectron shell 074 Tungsten - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d36s2
281832112
74, Volfram (W)[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d46s2
281832122
75, Rhenium (Re)[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2Electron shell 075 Rhenium - no label.svgElectron shell 076 Osmium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d56s2
281832132
76, Osmium (Os)[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d66s2
281832142
77, Iridium (Ir)[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2Electron shell 077 Iridium - no label.svgElectron shell 078 Platinum - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d76s2
281832152
78, Platina (Pt)[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d96s1
281832171
79, Guld (Au)[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1Electron shell 079 Gold - no label.svgElectron shell 080 Mercury - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s1
281832181
80, Kvicksilver (Hg)[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s2
281832182
81, Tallium (Tl)[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1Electron shell 081 Thallium - no label.svgElectron shell 082 Lead - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p1
281832183
82, Bly (Pb)[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p2
281832184
83, Vismut (Bi)[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3Electron shell 083 Bismuth - no label.svgElectron shell 084 Polonium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p3
281832185
84, Polonium (Po)[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p4
281832186
85, Astat (At)[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5Electron shell 086 Radon - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p5
281832187
86, Radon (Rn)[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p6
281832188
87, Francium (Fr)[Rn] 7s1Electron shell 087 Francium - no label.svgElectron shell 088 Radium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p67s1
2818321881
88, Radium (Ra)[Rn] 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p67s2
2818321882
89, Aktinium (Ac)[Rn] 6d1 7s2Electron shell 089 Actinium - no label.svgElectron shell 090 Thorium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p66d17s2
2818321892
90, Torium (Th)[Rn] 6d2 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p66d27s2
28183218102
91, Protaktinium (Pa)[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2Electron shell 091 Protactinium - no label.svgElectron shell 092 Uranium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f26s26p66d17s2
2818322092
92, Uran (U)[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f36s26p66d17s2
2818322192
93, Neptunium (Np)[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2Electron shell 093 Neptunium - no label.svgElectron shell 094 Plutonium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f46s26p66d17s2
2818322292
94, Plutonium (Pu)[Rn] 5f6 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f66s26p67s2
2818322482
95, Americium (Am)[Rn] 5f7 7s2Electron shell 095 Americium - no label.svgElectron shell 096 Curium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f76s26p67s2
2818322582
96, Curium (Cm)[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f76s26p66d17s2
2818322592
97, Berkelium (Bk)[Rn] 5f9 7s2Electron shell 097 Berkelium - no label.svgElectron shell 098 Californium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f96s26p67s2
2818322782
98, Californium (Cf)[Rn] 5f10 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f106s26p67s2
2818322882
99, Einsteinium (Es)[Rn] 5f11 7s2Electron shell 099 Einsteinium - no label.svgElectron shell 100 Fermium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f116s26p67s2
2818322982
100, Fermium (Fm)[Rn] 5f12 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f126s26p67s2
2818323082
101, Mendelevium (Md)[Rn] 5f13 7s2Electron shell 101 Mendelevium - no label.svgElectron shell 102 Nobelium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f136s26p67s2
2818323182
102, Nobelium (No)[Rn] 5f14 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p67s2
2818323282
103, Lawrencium (Lr)[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1Electron shell 103 Lawrencium - no label.svgElectron shell 104 Rutherfordium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p67s27p1
2818323283
104, Rutherfordium (Rf)[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d27s2
28183232102
105, Dubnium (Db)[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2Electron shell 105 Dubnium - no label.svgElectron shell 106 Seaborgium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d37s2
28183232112
106, Seaborgium (Sg)[Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d47s2
28183232122
107, Bohrium (Bh)[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2Electron shell 107 Bohrium - no label.svgElectron shell 108 Hassium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d57s2
28183232132
108, Hassium (Hs)[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d67s2
28183232142
109, Meitnerium (Mt)[Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2Electron shell 109 Meitnerium - no label.svgElectron shell 110 Darmstadtium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d77s2
28183232152
110, Darmstadtium (Ds)[Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d87s2
28183232162
111, Röntgenium (Rg)[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2Electron shell 111 Roentgenium - no label.svgElectron shell 112 Copernicium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d97s2
28183232172
112, Copernicium (Cn)[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s2
28183232182
113, Nihonium (Nh)[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1Electron shell 114 Flerovium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p1
28183232183
114, Flerovium (Fl)[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p2
28183232184
115, Moskovium (Mc)[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3Electron shell 116 Livermorium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p3
28183232185
116, Livermorium (Lv)[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p4
28183232186
117, Tenness (Ts)[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p5
28183232187
118, Oganesson (Og)[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p6
28183232188
119, Ununennium (Uue)[Og] 8s1Electron shell 119 Ununennium - no label.svgElectron shell 120 Unbinilium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p68s1
281832321881
120, Unbinilium (Ubn)[Og] 8s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p68s2
281832321882
121, Unbiunium (Ubu)[Og] 8s2 8p1Electron shell 121 Unbiunium - no label.svgElectron shell 122 Unbibium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p68s28p1
281832321883
122, Unbibium (Ubb)[Og] 7d1 8s2 8p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p67d18s28p1
281832321893
123, Unbitrium (Ubt)[Og] 6f1 7d1 8s2 8p1Electron shell 124 Unbiquadium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d106f17s27p67d18s28p1
281832321993
124, Unbikvadium (Ubq)[Og] 6f3 8s2 8p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d106f37s27p68s28p1
281832322183
125, Unbipentium (Ubp)[Og] 5g1 6f3 8s2 8p1Electron shell 126 Unbihexium - no label.svg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g16s26p66d106f37s27p68s28p1
281832332183
126, Unbihexium (Ubh)[Og] 5g2 6f2 7d1 8s2 8p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g26s26p66d106f27s27p67d18s28p1
281832342093

Förklaring

Förklaring
Bakgrundsfärgen visar grundämnets ämnesklass.
MetallerHalvmetallIcke-metaller
AlkalimetallAlkalisk jordartsmetallSuperaktinoidLantanoidAktinoidÖvergångsmetallÖvrig metallDiatomisk icke-metallPolyatomisk icke-metallÄdelgas
förutsagtförutsagtförutsagtförutsagtförutsagtförutsagtförutsagtförutsagtförutsagt

Källor

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, Electron configurations of the elements (data page), tidigare version.

Alla källor stämmer överens med data ovan förutom de separat listade fallen:

NIST
  • 91, Protaktinium (Pa) — [Rn] 5f2(3H4) 6d 7s2
  • 92, Uran (U) — [Rn] 5f3(4Io9/2) 6d 7s2
  • 93, Neptunium (Np) — [Rn] 5f4(5I4) 6d 7s2
  • 103, Lawrencium (Lr) — [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
  • 104, Rutherfordium (Rf) — [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
CRC
  • David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 1, Basic Constants, Units, and Conversion Factors; Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State. (Z = 1 ≤ Z ≤ 104)
    • G. J. Leigh, Editor, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1990.
    • Chemical and Engineering News, 63(5), 27, 1985.
    • Atomic Weights of the Elements, 1999, Pure & Appl. Chem., 73, 667, 2001.
WebElements
  • http://www.webelements.com/ (läst juli 2005) som i sin tur baseras på:
    • Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, Ed. Gordon W. F. Drake, American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, New York, USA, 1996.
    • J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.
    • R.L. DeKock and H.B. Gray in Chemical Structure and bonding, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California, USA, 1980.
    • A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
  • 103, Lawrencium (Lr) — [Rn].5f14.7s2.7p1 preliminärt ; 2.8.18.32.32.9.2 [inkonsistent]
  • 104, Rutherfordium (Rf) — [Rn].5f14.6d2.7s2 preliminärt
  • 105, Dubnium (Db) — [Rn].5f14.6d3.7s2 (en förutsägelse baserad på tantal) ; 2.8.18.32.32.11.2
  • 106, Seaborgium (Sg) — [Rn].5f14.6d4.7s2 (en förutsägelse baserad på volfram) ; 2.8.18.32.32.12.2
  • 107, Bohrium (Bh) — [Rn].5f14.6d5.7s2 (en förutsägelse baserad på rhenium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.13.2
  • 108, Hassium (Hs) — [Rn].5f14.6d6.7s2 (en förutsägelse baserad på osmium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.14.2
  • 109, Meitnerium (Mt) — [Rn].5f14.6d7.7s2 (en förutsägelse baserad på iridium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.15.2
  • 110, Darmstadtium (Ds) — [Rn].5f14.6d9.7s1 (en förutsägelse baserad på platina) ; 2.8.18.32.32.17.1
  • 111, Röntgenium (Rg) — [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s1 (en förutsägelse baserad på guld) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.1
  • 112, Copernicium (Cn) — [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2 (en förutsägelse baserad på kvicksilver) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.2
  • 113, Nihonium (Nh) — [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p1 (en förutsägelse baserad på tallium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.3
  • 114, Flerovium (Fl) — [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p2 (en förutsägelse baserad på bly) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.4
  • 115, Moskovium (Mc) — [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p3 (en förutsägelse baserad på vismut) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.5
  • 116, Livermorium (Lv) — [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p4 (en förutsägelse baserad på polonium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.6
  • 117, Tenness (Ts) — [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p5 (en förutsägelse baserad på astat) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.7
  • 118, Oganesson (Og) — [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p6 (en förutsägelse baserad på radon) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.8
Lange
  • J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), online version, McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4.1 Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements. (Z = 1 ≤ Z ≤ 103)
  • 97, Berkelium (Bk) — [Rn] 5f8 6d 7s2
  • 103, Lawrencium (Lr) — [Rn] 4f14 [sic] 6d 7s2
Hill och Petrucci
  • Hill and Petrucci, General Chemistry: An Integrated Approach (3rd edition), Prentice Hall. (1 ≤ Z ≤ 106)
  • 58, Cerium (Ce) — [Xe] 4f2 6s2
  • 103, Lawrencium (Lr) — [Rn] 5f14 6d1 7s2
  • 104, Rutherfordium (Rf) — [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 (stämmer överens med ovanstående förutsägelse)
  • 105, Dubnium (Db) — [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
  • 106, Seaborgium (Sg) — [Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2
Hoffman, Lee och Pershina
  • Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). ”Transactinides and the future elements”. i Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. sid. 1722. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1 

Denna bok innehåller förutsagda elektronkonfigurationer för grundämnena Z = 119 ≤ Z ≤ 172 och Z = 184, baserad på relativistiska Dirac–Fock-beräkningar av B. Fricke i Fricke, B. (1975). Dunitz, J. D.. red. Structure and Bonding (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 21: sid. 89–144. 

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Electron shell 101 Mendelevium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 019 Potassium - no label.svg
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Electron shell diagram for potassium, the 19th element in the periodic table of elements.
Electron shell 102 Nobelium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 114 Flerovium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 118 Ununoctium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 037 Rubidium - no label.svg
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Electron shell diagram for rubidium, the 37th element in the periodic table of elements.
Electron shell 116 Livermorium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 091 Protactinium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 119 Ununennium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 068 Erbium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 023 Vanadium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 027 Cobalt - no label.svg
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Electron shell 067 Holmium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 031 Gallium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 009 Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
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Electron shell 033 Arsenic - no label.svg
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Electron shell 108 Hassium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 082 Lead - no label.svg
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Electron shell 079 Gold - no label.svg
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Electron shell 112 Copernicium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 022 Titanium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 060 Neodymium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 121 Unbiunium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 034 Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
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Electron shell 044 Ruthenium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 052 Tellurium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 030 Zinc - no label.svg
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Electron shell 122 Unbibium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 051 Antimony - no label.svg
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Electron shell 050 Tin - no label.svg
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Electron shell 099 Einsteinium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 081 Thallium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 011 Sodium - no label.svg
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Electron shell diagram for sodium, the 11th element in the periodic table of elements.
Electron shell 012 Magnesium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 017 Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
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New categorisation by diatomic/polyatomic nonmetals (as discussed on en:WT:ELEM). Using #a1ffc3 (green, polyatomic), #e7ff8f (yellow, diatomic) and At into metalloid (brown, #cccc99)
Electron shell 046 Palladium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 113 Ununtrium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 024 Chromium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 029 Copper - no label.svg
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Electron shell 103 Lawrencium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 092 Uranium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 036 Krypton - no label.svg
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Electron shell 106 Seaborgium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 007 Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
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Electron shell 002 Helium - no label.svg
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Electron configuration (no language labels); reduced margin
Electron shell 120 Unbinilium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 074 Tungsten - no label.svg
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Electron shell 014 Silicon - no label.svg
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Electron shell 104 Rutherfordium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 115 Ununpentium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 075 Rhenium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 043 Technetium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 084 Polonium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 042 Molybdenum - no label.svg
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Electron shell 098 Californium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 107 Bohrium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 124 Unbiquadium - no label.svg
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Electron shell 003 Lithium - no label.svg
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Electron shell diagram for Lithium, the 3rd element in the periodic table of elements.
Electron shell 028 Nickel - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language labels)
Electron shell 109 Meitnerium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 054 Xenon - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 071 Lutetium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 020 Calcium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language labels)
Electron shell 005 Boron - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Pumbaa (original work by Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron shell diagram for boron, the 5th element in the periodic table of elements.
Electron shell 006 Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: DePiep, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
New categorisation by diatomic/polyatomic nonmetals (as discussed on en:WT:ELEM). Using #a1ffc3 (green, polyatomic), #e7ff8f (yellow, diatomic) and At into metalloid (brown, #cccc99)
Electron shell 086 Radon - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 015 Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: DePiep, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
New categorisation by diatomic/polyatomic nonmetals (as discussed on en:WT:ELEM). Using #a1ffc3 (green, polyatomic), #e7ff8f (yellow, diatomic) and At into metalloid (brown, #cccc99)
Electron shell 100 Fermium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 061 Promethium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 004 Beryllium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Pumbaa (original work by Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron shell diagram for beryllium, the 4th element in the periodic table of elements.
Electron shell 110 Darmstadtium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 013 Aluminium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language labels)
Electron shell 035 Bromine (diatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: DePiep, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
New categorisation by diatomic/polyatomic nonmetals (as discussed on en:WT:ELEM). Using #a1ffc3 (green, polyatomic), #e7ff8f (yellow, diatomic) and At into metalloid (brown, #cccc99)
Electron shell 058 Cerium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 126 Unbihexium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 080 Mercury - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 093 Neptunium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: unknown, Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 094 Plutonium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 045 Rhodium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 105 Dubnium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 111 Roentgenium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 026 Iron - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language labels)
Electron shell 083 Bismuth - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 047 Silver - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 065 Terbium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 088 Radium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 095 Americium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 001 Hydrogen - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language labels)
Electron shell 016 Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: DePiep, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
New categorisation by diatomic/polyatomic nonmetals (as discussed on en:WT:ELEM). Using #a1ffc3 (green, polyatomic), #e7ff8f (yellow, diatomic) and At into metalloid (brown, #cccc99)
Electron shell 062 Samarium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 040 Zirconium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 070 Ytterbium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 087 Francium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 055 Caesium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Pumbaa (original work by Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron shell diagram for caesium (cesium), the 55th element in the periodic table of elements.
Electron shell 039 Yttrium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 072 Hafnium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 063 Europium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 056 Barium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 064 Gadolinium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 053 Iodine (diatomic nonmetal) - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: DePiep, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
New categorisation by diatomic/polyatomic nonmetals (as discussed on en:WT:ELEM). Using #a1ffc3 (green, polyatomic), #e7ff8f (yellow, diatomic) and At into metalloid (brown, #cccc99)
Electron shell 096 Curium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 048 Cadmium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 041 Niobium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 057 Lanthanum - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 010 Neon - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language labels)
Electron shell 089 Actinium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 076 Osmium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)
Electron shell 025 Manganese - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language labels)
Electron shell 038 Strontium - no label.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: commons:User:Pumbaa (original work by commons:User:Greg Robson), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk
Electron configuration (no language or descriptive labels)