Detta är en tabell över grundämnenas elektriska egenskaper, vilken inkluderar elektrisk typ, konduktivitet och resistivitet för olika temperaturer.
Z | T | Grundämne | Elektrisk typ[1] | Konduktivitet (A/Vm) | Resistivitet (nΩm) |
---|
293 K (20 °C)[a] | 80 K (−193 °C) | 273 K (0 °C) | 293 K (20 °C)[a] | 298 K (25 °C) | 300 K (27 °C) | 500 K (227 °C) |
---|
1 | H | Väte | — |
2 | He | Helium | — |
3 | Li | Litium | Ledare | 10,6 × 106 | 10,0 | 85,3 | 92,8 | 94,7 | 95,5 | |
4 | Be | Beryllium | Ledare | 31,3 × 106 | 0,75 | 30,2 | 35,6 | 37,0 | 37,6 | 99 |
5 | B | Bor | Isolator | 1,0 × 10−4 | | | 0,00015 | | | |
6 | C | Kol (grafit) | Ledare | 0,1 × 106 | | | 0,8 | | | |
6 | C | Kol (diamant) | Isolator | 0,001 | | | 1375 | | | |
7 | N | Kväve | — |
8 | O | Syre | — |
9 | F | Fluor | — |
10 | Ne | Neon | — |
11 | Na | Natrium | Ledare | 2,1 × 106 | 8,0 | 43,3 | 47,7 | 48,8 | 49,3 | |
12 | Mg | Magnesium | Ledare | 22,7 × 106 | 5,57 | 40,5 | 43,9 | 44,8 | 45,1 | 78,6 |
13 | Al | Aluminium | Ledare | 37,7 × 106 | 2,45 | 24,17 | 26,50 | 27,09 | 27,33 | 49,9 |
14 | Si | Kisel | Halvledare | 4,35 × 10−4 | | | 105 | | | |
15 | P | Fosfor | Isolator | 1 × 10−9 | | | 10 | | | |
16 | S | Svavel | Isolator | 1 × 10−15 | | | 2 × 1015 | | | |
17 | Cl | Klor | Isolator | 0,01 | | | > 10 | | | |
18 | Ar | Argon | — |
19 | K | Kalium | Ledare | 14,3 × 106 | 13,4 | 64,9 | 72,0 | 73,9 | 74,7 | |
20 | Ca | Kalcium | Ledare | 29,4 × 106[2] | 6,5 | 31,1 | 33,6 | 34,2 | 34,5 | 60 |
21 | Sc | Skandium[b] | Ledare | 1,81 × 106 | | | 56,2 | | | |
22 | Ti | Titan | Ledare | 2,5 × 106 | | 390 | 420 | | | |
23 | V | Vanadin | Ledare | 5 × 106 | 24,1 | 181 | 197 | 201 | 202 | 348 |
24 | Cr | Krom | Ledare | 7,87 × 106 | | 118 | 125 | 126 | 127 | 201 |
25 | Mn | Mangan | Ledare | 0,694 × 106 | 1320 | 1430 | 1440 | 1440 | 1440 | 1490 |
26 | Fe | Järn | Ledare | 10 × 106 | 6,93 | 85,7 | 96,1 | 98,7 | 99,8 | 237 |
27 | Co | Kobolt | Ledare | 16,7 × 106 | | 56 | 62,4 | | | |
28 | Ni | Nickel | Ledare | 13,9 × 106 | 5,45 | 61,6 | 69,3 | 71,2 | 72,0 | 177 |
29 | Cu | Koppar | Ledare | 58,1 × 106 | 2,15 | 15,43 | 16,78 | 17,12 | 17,25 | 30,90 |
30 | Zn | Zink | Ledare | 16,7 × 106 | 11,5 | 54,6 | 59,0 | 60,1 | 60,6 | 108,2 |
31 | Ga | Gallium | Ledare | 7,14 × 106 | | 13,6 | | | | |
32 | Ge | Germanium | Halvledare | 2,1 | | | 53000 | | | |
33 | As | Arsenik | Ledare | 3,03 × 106 | | | 333 | | | |
34 | Se | Selen | — |
35 | Br | Brom | Isolator | | | | 7,8 × 1010 | | | |
36 | Kr | Krypton | — |
37 | Rb | Rubidium | Ledare | 7,52 × 106 | 26,5 | 115 | 128 | 131 | 133 | |
38 | Sr | Strontium | Ledare | 7,41 × 106 | 36,4 | 123 | 132 | 134 | 135 | 222 |
39 | Y | Yttrium[b] | Ledare | 1,66 × 106 | | | 596 | | | |
40 | Zr | Zirkonium | Ledare | 2,36 × 106 | 66,4 | 388 | 421 | 429 | 433 | 765 |
41 | Nb | Niob | Ledare | 6,58 × 106 | | 152 | | | | |
42 | Mo | Molybden | Ledare | 18,2 × 106 | 4,82 | 48,5 | 53,4 | 54,7 | 55,2 | 106 |
43 | Tc | Teknetium | Ledare | 4,54 × 106 | | | 20 | | | |
44 | Ru | Rutenium | Ledare | 14,1 × 106 | | 71 | | | | |
45 | Rh | Rodium | Ledare | 23,3 × 106 | | 43,3 | | | | |
46 | Pd | Palladium | Ledare | 9,26 × 106 | 17,5 | 97,8 | 105,4 | 107,3 | 108,0 | 179,4 |
47 | Ag | Silver | Ledare | 61,35 × 106 | 2,89 | 14,67 | 15,87 | 16,17 | 16,29 | 28,7 |
48 | Cd | Kadmium | Ledare | 14,3 × 106 | | 68 | | | | |
49 | In | Indium | Ledare | 12,5 × 106 | | 80 | 83,7 | | | |
50 | Sn | Tenn | Ledare | 8,69 × 106 | | 115 | | | | |
51 | Sb | Antimon | Ledare | 2,5 × 106 | | 390 | 417 | | | |
52 | Te | Tellur | Halvledare | 104 | | | (5,8–33) × 103 | | | |
53 | I | Jod | Isolator | | | 1,3 × 107 | | | | |
54 | Xe | Xenon | — |
55 | Cs | Cesium | Ledare | 4,76 × 106 | 41,6 | 187 | 205 | 208 | 210 | |
56 | Ba | Barium | Ledare | 2,94 × 106 | 68,3 | 302 | 332 | 340 | 343 | 724 |
57 | La | Lantan[b] | Ledare | 1,626 × 106 | | | 615 | | | |
58 | Ce | Cerium[c] | Ledare | 1,35 × 106 | | | 828 | | | |
58 | Ce | Cerium[d] | Ledare | | | 744 | | | |
59 | Pr | Praseodym[b] | Ledare | 1,43 × 106 | | | 700 | | | |
60 | Nd | Neodym[b] | Ledare | 1,56 × 106 | | | 643 | | | |
61 | Pm | Prometium | Ledare | 1,33 × 106 | | | 750 | | | |
62 | Sm | Samarium[b] | Ledare | 1,06 × 106 | | | 940 | | | |
63 | Eu | Europium[e] | Ledare | 1,11 × 106 | | | 900 | | | |
64 | Gd | Gadolinium[b] | Ledare | 0,763 × 106 | | | 1310 | | | |
65 | Tb | Terbium[b] | Ledare | 0,870 × 106 | | | 1150 | | | |
66 | Dy | Dysprosium[b] | Ledare | 1,08 × 106 | | | 926 | | | |
67 | Ho | Holmium[e] | Ledare | 1,23 × 106 | | | 814 | | | |
68 | Er | Erbium[e] | Ledare | 1,16 × 106 | | | 860 | | | |
69 | Tm | Tulium[e] | Ledare | 1,477 × 106 | | | 676 | | | |
70 | Yb | Ytterbium[f] | Ledare | 4,0 × 106 | | | 250 | | | |
71 | Lu | Lutetium[e] | Ledare | 1,72 × 106 | | | 582 | | | |
72 | Hf | Hafnium | Ledare | 3,12 × 106 | 67,5 | 304 | 331 | 337 | 340 | 631 |
73 | Ta | Tantal | Ledare | 7,61 × 106 | 26,2 | 122 | 131 | 134 | 135 | 229 |
74 | W | Volfram | Ledare | 18,52 × 106 | 6,06 | 48,2 | 52,8 | 53,9 | 54,4 | 103 |
75 | Re | Rhenium | Ledare | 5,56 × 106 | | 172 | 193 | | | |
76 | Os | Osmium | Ledare | 10,9 × 106 | | 81,2 | | | | |
77 | Ir | Iridium | Ledare | 19,7 × 106 | | 47 | 47,1 | | | |
78 | Pt | Platina | Ledare | 9,43 × 106 | 19,22 | 96 | 105 | 107 | 108 | 183 |
79 | Au | Guld | Ledare | 45,5 × 106 | 4,81 | 20,51 | 22,14 | 22,55 | 22,71 | 39,7 |
80 | Hg | Kvicksilver | Ledare | 1,04 × 106 | | | | 961 | | |
81 | Tl | Tallium | Ledare | 6,67 × 106 | | 150 | 180 | | | |
82 | Pb | Bly | Ledare | 4,76 × 106 | 49 | 192 | 208 | 211 | 213 | 383 |
83 | Bi | Vismut | Ledare | 0,769 × 106 | | 1070 | 1290 | | | |
84 | Po | Polonium | Ledare | 2,5 × 106 | | 400 | | | | |
85 | At | Astat | — |
86 | Rn | Radon | — |
87 | Fr | Francium | — |
88 | Ra | Radium | Ledare | 1 × 106 | | | 1000 | | | |
89 | Ac | Aktinium | — |
90 | Th | Torium | Ledare | 6,67 × 106 | | 147 | | | | |
91 | Pa | Protaktinium | Ledare | 5,56 × 106 | | | 177 | | | |
92 | U | Uran | Ledare | 3,24 × 106[3] | | | 280 | | | |
93 | Np | Neptunium | Ledare | 0,82 | | | 1220 | | | |
94 | Pu | Plutonium | Ledare | 0,68 × 106 | | | 1460 | | | |
Kommentarer
- ^ [a b] Standardtryck och -temperatur (STP)
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i] Alfa, polykristallin.
- ^ Beta, hexagonal.
- ^ Gamma, kubisk.
- ^ [a b c d e] Polykristallin.
- ^ Beta, polykristallin.
Referenser
Noter
Källor
- G.W.C. Kaye och T. H. Laby i Tables of physical och chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
- A.M. James och M.P. Lord i Macmillan's Chemical och Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
- D.R. Lide, (ed) i Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry och physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
- J.A. Dean (ed) i Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14:e utgåvan, 1992.
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry och Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Electrical Resistivity of Pure Metals.
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry och Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements och Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals.
- Beaudry, B. J. och Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., i Handbook on the Physics och Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. och Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173.
- McEwen, K.A., i Handbook on the Physics och Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. och Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.
- J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15:e utgåvan), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4,1 Electronic Configuration och Properties of the Elements.