De sydliga och nordliga dynastierna
Ungefärlig utbredning för Norra Wei och Liu Song kring år 440.
De sydliga och nordliga dynastiernas period (南北朝) var en tid av inbördeskrig mellan olika dynastier i Kina under åren 420 till 589. De nordliga dynastierna dominerades politiskt av olika nomadfolk från Centralasien, medan hankinesiska härskare företrädesvis härskade i södra Kina. Trots den politiska splittringen var denna epok en dynamisk tid, både socialt, ekonomiskt och kulturellt. Under denna tid inträdde Buddhismen i området och vidare uppfanns bland annat krutet. Den politiska söndringen ledde också till att en rad aristokratiska klaner framträdde, vilka kom att dominera det kinesiska samhället fram till slutet på Tangdynastin. Kina enades under 580-talet av Suidynastin.
De nordliga dynastierna var:[1]
- Norra Wei (386–534)
- Östra Wei (534–550)
- Västra Wei (535–556)
- Norra Qi (550–577)
- Norra Zhou (557–581)
De sydliga dynastierna var:[2]
- Liu Song (420–479)
- Södra Qi (479–502)
- Liang (502–557)
- Chen (557–589)
- Västra/Senare Liang (555-587)
 |
|---|
| Kinas historia – tidsaxel |
| Förhistorisk tid |
| Xiadynastin 2070–1600 f.Kr. |
| Shangdynastin 1600–1046 f.Kr. |
| Zhoudynastin 1046–256 f.Kr. |
| Västra Zhoudynastin 1046–771 f.Kr. |
| Östra Zhoudynastin 770–256 f.Kr. |
| Vår- och höstperioden 770–481 f.Kr. |
| De stridande staterna 403–221 f.Kr. |
| Qindynastin 221 f.Kr.–206 f.Kr. |
| Västra Handynastin 206 f.Kr.–24 e.Kr. |
| Wang Mangs interregnum (Xin) 9–23 e.Kr. |
| Östra Handynastin 25–220 |
| De tre kungadömena 220–280 |
| Jindynastin 265–420 |
| De sexton kungadömena 304–439 |
| De sydliga och nordliga dynastierna 420–589 |
| Suidynastin 581–618 |
| Tangdynastin 618–907 |
| Wu Zhaos interregnum (Zhoudynastin) 690–705 |
| De fem dynastierna och De tio rikena 902–979 |
| Songdynastin 960–1279 |
| Liaodynastin 907–1125 |
| Jindynastin 1115–1234 |
| Västra Xia 1038–1227 |
| Yuandynastin 1271–1368 |
| Mingdynastin 1368–1644 |
| Shundynastin 1644–1645 |
| Qingdynastin 1644–1911 |
| Republiken Kina 1912–1949 |
| Folkrepubliken Kina 1949– |
| Republiken Kina (Taiwan) 1949– |
redigera |
Referenser
Noter
- ^ ”Chinese History - Northern Dynasties 北朝 (386-581)” (på engelska). ChinaKnowledge.de. http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Division/beichao.html. Läst 31 oktober 2016.
- ^ ”Chinese History - Southern Dynasties 南朝 (420~589)” (på engelska). ChinaKnowledge.de. http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Division/nanchao.html. Läst 31 oktober 2016.
Tryckta källor
- Lewis, Mark Edward (2009) (på engelska). China between empires: the northern and southern dynasties. History of imperial China. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Libris 11699639. ISBN 0-674-02605-5
| ||||||||||||||
Media som används på denna webbplats
Tomb of Northern Qi Dynasty in Jiuyuangang, Xinzhou, Mural, West Wall 1.jpg
Mural from a tomb of Northern Qi Dynasty in Jiuyuangang, Xinzhou
Mural from a tomb of Northern Qi Dynasty in Jiuyuangang, Xinzhou
Departure Herald-Detail.jpg
"Departure Herald", 26 m (85 ft) in length, from the Chinese Xuande reign period (1425-1435 AD); the painting shows the emperor's large procession heading towards the imperial tombs of the Ming emperors located roughly 50 km north of the capital Beijing. This painting is usually paired with another panoramic painting called "Return Clearing", 30 m (98 ft) in length, which shows the emperor returning to the capital from the tombs by river boat. From Paludan's source listed below, this passage describes a particular scene of this painting: "Detail of a silk scroll, The Emperor's Approach, showing the luxury in which the emperor Xuande travelled. Elephants were kept in the imperial elephant stables until around 1900 and were often used for ceremonial occasions, such as the emperor's visits to the Temple of Heaven. Here, however, the large number of horsemen accompanying the emperor's carriage suggests that the emperor was on a much longer journey in the countryside." Paludan, Ann. (1998). Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: the Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial China. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. ISBN 0500050902. Page 177.
"Departure Herald", 26 m (85 ft) in length, from the Chinese Xuande reign period (1425-1435 AD); the painting shows the emperor's large procession heading towards the imperial tombs of the Ming emperors located roughly 50 km north of the capital Beijing. This painting is usually paired with another panoramic painting called "Return Clearing", 30 m (98 ft) in length, which shows the emperor returning to the capital from the tombs by river boat. From Paludan's source listed below, this passage describes a particular scene of this painting: "Detail of a silk scroll, The Emperor's Approach, showing the luxury in which the emperor Xuande travelled. Elephants were kept in the imperial elephant stables until around 1900 and were often used for ceremonial occasions, such as the emperor's visits to the Temple of Heaven. Here, however, the large number of horsemen accompanying the emperor's carriage suggests that the emperor was on a much longer journey in the countryside." Paludan, Ann. (1998). Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: the Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial China. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. ISBN 0500050902. Page 177.
Southern and Northern Dynasties 440 CE.png
Författare/Upphovsman: Ian Kiu, Licens: CC BY 3.0
Southern and Northern Dynasties 440 CE.png
Författare/Upphovsman: Ian Kiu, Licens: CC BY 3.0
Southern and Northern Dynasties 440 CE.png