Clemenskirken
- Denna artikel handlar om Clemenskirken i Oslo. För Klemenskirken i Trondheim, se Klemenskirken
Clemenskirken | |
Kyrka | |
Ruinerna efter Clemenskyrkan, sedda från nordost, 2007 | |
Land | Norge |
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Ort | Medeltidsstaden, Oslo, Norge |
Trossamfund | Katolska kyrkan |
Stift | Oslo stift |
Församling | Oslos södra församling |
Plats | Vid Saxegaardsgata i Middelalderparken, Gamlebyen, Oslo |
Invigd | 1100-talet |
Clemenskirken var en norsk församlingskyrka från troligen 1130- eller 1140-talen, som låg vid korsningen av de medeltida gatorna Clemensallmenningen och Østre strete, norr om Kongsgården i södra delen av Medeltidsstaden i Oslo. Den frilagda kyrkoruinen finns idag i Middelalderparken.
Det har troligen varit två, möjligen tre, träkyrkor på samma plats före stenkyrkan från 1300-talet. Den äldsta kan ha varit från omkring år 1000 och vara grundlagd av Olav Haraldsson eller Olav Tryggvason. Den yngsta träkyrkan lät troligen Harald Hårdråde bygga.
Under och omkring kyrkan har hittats rester av det som är en av Norges äldsta kyrkogårdar. De äldsta gravfynden är daterade från mellan 980 och 1030. Runt detta gravfält har den första stadsbebyggelsen i Oslo vuxit fram.
Clemenskirken togs ur bruk efter reformationen och bör ganska snart därefter ha rivits. Ruinerna grävdes ut 1921 av Gerhard Fischer. Under många år från början av 1960-talet till mitten av 1990-talet låg ruinerna dolda under motorledsbron Loenga bru.[1] Åren 1970–1971 grävde arkeologen Ole Egil Eide vidare i marken under kyrkan och fann då spår efter 81 begravningar före anläggningen av stenkyrkan.
Liksom Edmundskirken på Hovedøya har kyrkan en rektangulär, tvåskepps grundplan med kvadratiska mittpelare. Det har funnits tre sådana pelare, men grundmuren visar att det ursprungligen bara fanns två. I skeppets nordvästra hörn ledde en krökt trappa upp i ett torn. Intill västra delen av skeppet finns spår av ett litet vapenhus. Byggnadens väggöppningar och hörn var murade med kvadersten i kalksten, medan väggarna bestod av annan kalksten. Golvet i skepp och kor har bestått av kalkhällar. Det har återfunnits en kyrkogårdsmur parallellt med Østre strete i sydöst och Clemensallmenningen i nordöst.
Bildgalleri
Kyrkoruinen 2007. Huset till höger är Kanslergate 2. I fonden ses kontorshus vid Dronning Eufemias gate.
Källor
- Nikilaikirken Kirkested på www.kulturminnesok.no
- Kildegjenomgang – Middelalderske kirkesteder i Oslo. Riksantikvaren, juni 2015, sidan 14
Noter
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Media som används på denna webbplats
No. XLIX. CITY OF CHRISTIANIA. |
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This view was taken from a position recommended by the late honourable Bernard Anker, on the side of a mountain called Egeberg, from whence the city of Christiania, and its noble background of mountains, are seen to the greatest advantage, on which account the spot is the pride of the inhabitants, and the admiration of foreigners. At the bottom of the hill on the right, are some remains of the old city of Opsloe, which was burnt in the year 1624. The buildings on the left, are Opsloe Kirke, and a lunatic hospital. A new road winds on to the right, between some good houses and the ancient palace belonging to the bishops of this see, a high gothic building, with red tiles, seen on the right margin of the picture. This edifice was the residence of the kings and princes of Denmark, in their visits to the city. Across the bay, on the gentle declivity of the hills, is situated the new city, denominated Christiania. Its principal object on the left is the ancient garrison, called Aggerhus, with its fortifications and walls, projected on a rocky peninsula, at the extremity of the city ; to the right are observed the red warehouses, wharfs, and ships in the harbour, up to the custom house ; in succession are seen the hospitable quadrangular mansion, and garden of the Ankers ; the cathedral church, the museum, hospitais, schools, prison, &c. &c Situated on a middle hill, is seen the ancient church called Aggers, and at a greater elevation near the margin, is Ulivold, the seat of John Collett, Esq. Numerous villas are interspersed among the high grounds, as far as Bogstad, which is situated at the feet of the distant hills, nearly over the great church. In the vale below Aggers, is the botanic garden, and not far distant from it, is the site of the new Royal University, now erecting, with residences for nineteen professors, and two lecturers. Parallel with the town, is a long slip of land, from the bridge to below the custom house, having the river on one side, and the bay on the other; on it are the extensive timber and deal-yards, covered rope-yards, places for careening ships, great cranes for putting in their masts, &c. &c. The ships proceed to and from sea, under the walls of the garrison, in the deep water. The other part of this spacious bay, between Christiania and Opsloe, is navigable for boats only, being choaked up with the saw-dust perpetually descending into it from the numerous saw-mills up the river, although a machine is continually at work to remove it. The new road from the city on the foreground, winds up over Egeberg, and leads on to Mos, Frederickstad, Swinesund, and Sweden. The approach to Christiania on this side, is over the summit of the mountain, where on emerging from a forest, the traveller obtains his first view of the city, spread out before him in its whole extent, and producing with its beautiful and magnificent scenery, a grand and most picturesque effect. The prospect is pronounced by tourists, to be unequalled in Europe. The supreme governor of Norway, resides in this town, and the high court of justice is held here. Christiania is also the seat of the primate bishop, who with three others, exercises the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of all Norway. The garrison, under the superintendance of a commandant, has its hospital and school. There is another hospital for the town. The trade is often very considerable, and there is an abundant supply of all sorts of game, provisions, and foreign delicacies. The inhabitants are hospitable and friendly ; scarcely a traveller enters it, without receiving invitations from the opulent, to their public tables.
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Clemens' park med ruin av Clemenskirken, Gamlebyen, Oslo
Utgravningsfelt ved Clemenskirken i Oslo. Bilde gjengitt i Edvard Bull: Oslos historie (1922), via Lokalhistoriewiki. Bull hevder at det er Nikolaikirken, men det må bero på en misforståelse.
Författare/Upphovsman: Sgraff29, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Ruins of St. Clement's Church, Oslo.