Baltops
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Baltops (Baltic Operations) är en årligen återkommande Nato-marinövning i Östersjön. Den första Baltops genomfördes 1971 och Baltops 2022 är den 51:a. Ursprungligen var Baltops enbart en övning för NATO-medlemsländer, med sedan 1993 har också länder i Partnerskap för fred inbjudits att delta.[1] Under ett antal år deltog också fartyg från Rysslands flotta regelbundet fram till 2012.[2] Övningen leds av kommendören för United States Naval Forces Europe-Africa.
I en Baltopsövning deltar vanligen fartyg, stridsflygplan och soldater från upp till 16 länder, med omkring 40 fartyg.
Under det kalla kriget var syftet med Baltops att visa USA:s avsikt att försvara norra Europa och Nato-ländernas förmåga att verka offensivt på sovjetiskt territorium, om så ansågs behövligt.[2] Under dessa år var kärnan av deltagande länder Storbritannien, Nederländerna, Danmark och Västtyskland. Efter det kalla kriget ändrades syfte med övningen och deltagarskaran successivt.
Efter Rysslands annektering av Krim 2014 har Baltops utvecklats till en gemensam militärövning både till havs och i ökande utsträckning i kustområden, på stränder och i luften, och intresset från Sverige och Finland att delta har samtidigt ökat.[2]
Bildgalleri
Frigatten USS Pharris och robotfrigatten USS Halyburton, Baltops 1985
Amerikanska slagskeppet USS Iowa, brittiska jagaren HMS Liverpool (D 92) och västtyska jagaren Mölders, Baltops 1985
Rysk Kamov Ka-27 landar på amerikanska robotkryssaren USS Vella Gulf (CG 72), Baltops 2003
Ryska jagaren Nastojsjivij, Baltops 2005
Eskadersegling, Baltops 2008
Multinationell eskader ledd av USS Mount Whitney, Baltops 2009
USS Mount Whitney och det ryska landstigningsfartyget Kaliningrad, Baltops 2010
Amerikanska svävare, Baltops 2015
Danska dykfartyget Y 311 Søløven, Baltops 2019
USS Kearsarge, amerikanskt amfibiestridsfartyg, Baltops 2022
Se även
Källor
Noter
- ^ Baltops - a NATO maritime exercise with 46 years of history på www.ncia.nato.int den 10 augusti 2017
- ^ [a b c] ”Göran Swistek: German Navy History of Baltops på www.seawaves.com den 21 juni 2021”. Arkiverad från originalet den 3 juni 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220603145526/https://seawaves.com/?p=12811. Läst 3 juni 2022.
Media som används på denna webbplats
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Ventspils, Latvia (June 6, 2005) – Russian destroyer RFS Nastoychivyy (DD 610) is currently underway participating in Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) 2005. In its 33rd year, BALTOPS is a maritime and land international exercise, co-hosted by Latvia and the United States, which includes 11 nations, 4,100 people, 40 ships, 28 aircraft and two submarines in the spirit of "Partnership for Peace (PFP)." BALTOPS 2005 improves interoperability with allies and PFP countries by conducting peace support operations at sea to include a combined amphibious landing and a scenario dealing with potential real world crisis. U.S. Navy photo by Cmdr. Jamie Morrison (RELEASED)
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A port view of the frigate USS PHARRIS (FF 1094) followed by the guided missile frigate USS HALYBURTON (FFG 40). An unidentified NATO ship is in the background (Dannish Niels Juel class corvette, probably NIELS JUEL (F354)). The vessels are taking part in the multilateral NATO exercise BALTOPS '85.
090608-N-0793R-001 BALTIC SEA (June 8, 2009) The amphibious command ship USS Mount Whitney (LCC/JCC 20) leads an international formation of ships from 12 nations during the first day of the Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) exercise.
Författare/Upphovsman: Sinikka Halme, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
USS Kearsarge (LHD-3) visiting Stockholm on 2-5 June 2022, together with around fourty other Nato warships from thirteen countries, prior to Baltic Operations, Baltops 22, a maritime-focused exercise, taking place in the Southern Baltic Sea between June 5-17, 2022.
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BALTIC SEA (June 11, 2008) Ships from various navies participating in Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) maneuver into formation. BALTOPS is an annual international exercise involving 13 countries. U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Second Class Mike Banzhaf (Released)
The logo for exercise Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) 2019. BALTOPS is the premier annual maritime-focused exercise in the Baltic region and one of the largest exercises in Northern Europe enhancing flexibility and interoperability among allied and partner nations.
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The Royal Danish Navy diving support vessel KDM Søløven (Y311) anchors in the Baltic Sea during underwater detonations conducted by Norwegian, Belgian and U.S. forces during exercise "Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) 2019" on 16 June 2019.
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Ships of Task Group 100.1 during NATO Exercise BALTOPS'85 in October 1985. In the lead are the British destroyer HMS Liverpool (D 92) and the West German destroyer Mölders (D 186), followed by the U.S. Navy battleship USS Iowa (BB-61).
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U.S. Navy landing craft air cushion (LCAC) vehicles perform maneuvers during Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) 2015. BALTOPS is an annual multinational exercise designed to enhance flexibility and interoperability, as well as demonstrate resolve among allied and partner forces to defend the Baltic region.
A chock and chain crew, part of the flight deck team aboard the Aegis cruiser USS Vella Gulf (CG 72) prepare to secure a Russian Helix Ka-27PS helicopter aboard ship during the annual maritime exercise Baltic Operations 2003 (Baltops 2003)
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BALTIC SEA (June 8, 2010) The amphibious command ship USS Mount Whitney (LCC/JCC 20) and the Russian navy landing ship Kaliningrad (LSTM 102) are underway in formation on the second day of Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) exercise 2010. Twelve nations are participating in the 38th iteration of BALTOPS. The exercise is intended to improve interoperability with partner nations by conducting realistic training both on land and at sea. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Jenniffer Rivera/Released)