Alkemiska symboler
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Alkemiska symboler, se även alkemi, har använts för att beteckna vissa element och föreningar.
Tre egenskaper
Alkemisten schweiziske alkemisten och mystikern Paracelsus (1493–1541), antog att ett objekt alltid kunde delas upp i tre grundläggande beståndsdelar som han kallade Tria Prima:[1][2]
- Svavel är objektets innersta väsen
- Kvicksilver är dess benägenhet till förändring
- Salt är det som är stabilt hos objektet och det som kvarstår efter förändringsprocessen
De fyra elementen
Västerländsk alkemi använder de klassiska grekiska elementen. Symbolerna för dessa är:[1]
De sju metallerna
Sju metaller sattes i samband med de sju klassiska himlakropparna och har därför samma symboler:[3][4]
- Guld domineras av Solen ☉ 🜚 (
) - Silver domineras av Månen ☽ (
) - Koppar domineras av Venus ♀ (
) - Järn domineras av Mars ♂ (
) - Tenn domineras av Jupiter ♃ (
) - Kvicksilver domineras av Merkurius ☿ (
) - Bly domineras av Saturnus (
)[1]
Världsliga element
Andra metaller och element som alkemisterna beskrev och använde sig av:
Enheter
Ett flertal symboler gällde enheter för tid, vikt och volym.
Referenser
- ^ [a b c] Eric John Holmyard (1990) (på engelska). Alchemy. Dover Books on Engineering Series Dover books explaining sciences. Courier Corporation. sid. 153. ISBN 978-04-86262-98-7
- ^ Walter J. Friedlander (1992) (på engelska). The golden wand of medicine: a history of the caduceus symbol in medicine. sid. 76-77. https://storehadt.firebaseapp.com/aa269/the-golden-wand-of-medicine-a-history-of-the-caduceus-symbol-in-medicine-contributions-in-medical-studies-by-walter-j-friedlander-0313280231.pdf
- ^ Chaucer, Geoffrey (2004). The Canterbury Tales. Dover Publishing Inc. sid. sid 448 rad 6 från sidslut. http://books.google.se/books?id=frEbf03uiW8C&pg=PA448&dq=%22The+bodies+seven%22&hl=sv&sa=X&ei=ohBHU__-PMf34QSukoGoCw&ved=0CIABEOgBMAg#v=onepage&q=%22The%20bodies%20seven%22&f=false
- ^ Levi Tansjö. ”Alkemi, avsnittet Sju metaller – sju himlakroppar”. ne.se. Nationalencyklopedin. https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/alkemi/sju-metaller-sju-himlakroppar. Läst 9 december 2019.
Externa länkar
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Alkemiska symboler.
- Wikipedia på Engelska
- ALKEMI – BLUFF ELLER HEMLIG KUNSKAP?
- Alchemical texts (engelska)
- Alkemi (alkymi) och alkemister (alkymister) Webb sida hos Rosenkorsorden A.M.O.R.C.
Media som används på denna webbplats
Question book-4.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Tkgd2007, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
A new incarnation of Image:Question_book-3.svg, which was uploaded by user AzaToth. This file is available on the English version of Wikipedia under the filename en:Image:Question book-new.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Tkgd2007, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
A new incarnation of Image:Question_book-3.svg, which was uploaded by user AzaToth. This file is available on the English version of Wikipedia under the filename en:Image:Question book-new.svg
Moon crescent symbol.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Denis Moskowitz, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Encrescent moon. Matches other 'fixed width' astronomical symbols.
Författare/Upphovsman: Denis Moskowitz, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Encrescent moon. Matches other 'fixed width' astronomical symbols.
.svg)
Sun symbol (medieval).svg
The Classical astronomical/astrological symbol for the sun.
The Classical astronomical/astrological symbol for the sun.
.svg)
Mercury symbol (fixed width).svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Denis Moskowitz, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Planetary symbol for Mercury
Författare/Upphovsman: Denis Moskowitz, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Planetary symbol for Mercury
.svg)
Salt symbol (alchemical).svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
U+1F714 🜔 Cf. Circled dash.svg:
U+2296
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
U+1F714 🜔 Cf. Circled dash.svg:
U+2296 
Antimony symbol.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
U+2641 ♁: Globus cruciger symbol for the world / alchemical symbol for earth. 0.8px lines, uncapped.
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
U+2641 ♁: Globus cruciger symbol for the world / alchemical symbol for earth. 0.8px lines, uncapped.
.svg)
Fire symbol (alchemical).svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for fire = igneous/ethereal elementary form (~ plasma) = summer = yellow bile humour
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for fire = igneous/ethereal elementary form (~ plasma) = summer = yellow bile humour
.svg)
Alchemical earth symbol (fixed width).svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for earth = terrestrial elementary form (solid) = autumn = black bile humour
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for earth = terrestrial elementary form (solid) = autumn = black bile humour
Platinum symbol.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
late alchemical symbol for platinum ('white gold')
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
late alchemical symbol for platinum ('white gold')
.svg)
Sulphur symbol (fixed width).svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
The alchemical symbol for sulphur, 🜍. Once used as a substitute for (2) Pallas, ⚴; suggested for (93) Minerva by J.S. Stenzel.
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
The alchemical symbol for sulphur, 🜍. Once used as a substitute for (2) Pallas, ⚴; suggested for (93) Minerva by J.S. Stenzel.
Saturn symbol.svg
Astronomical and astrological symbol for the planet Saturn, and alchemical symbol of lead. Found at Unicode U+2644, renders as ♄.
Astronomical and astrological symbol for the planet Saturn, and alchemical symbol of lead. Found at Unicode U+2644, renders as ♄.
Mars symbol.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Mars symbol with uncapped line ends
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Mars symbol with uncapped line ends
.svg)
Water symbol (alchemical).svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for water = aqueous elementary form (liquid) = winter = phlegm humour
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for water = aqueous elementary form (liquid) = winter = phlegm humour
Venus symbol.svg
Astronomical and astrological symbol of the planet Venus, alchemical symbol of copper, gender symbol for female, and symbol of the Greek goddess Aphrodite and the Roman goddess Venus. Also found at Unicode U+2640 (♀).
Astronomical and astrological symbol of the planet Venus, alchemical symbol of copper, gender symbol for female, and symbol of the Greek goddess Aphrodite and the Roman goddess Venus. Also found at Unicode U+2640 (♀).
Marcianus gr. 299 fol 6.jpg
1888 reproduction of the medieval Venetian manuscript Marcianus graecus 299, folio 6. Translation:
Scientific symbols that are found in the technical writings of the philosophers; they are above all the symbols of what they call mystical philosophy
[left column]:
gold (
), gold filings (
), gold leaf/foil (🜚⃞), calcinated/refined gold (
),
(5) electrum (
), gold solder (
), gold alloy (
), silver (
), silver ore (
),
(10) silver shavings (
), silver foil (☾⃞), silver solder (+ a second symbol), calcinated/refined silver (
), Cypriot copper (
),
(15) copper ore (
), copper filings (
), copper foil (♀⃞), calcinated/oxidized copper (), verdigris (
),
(20) orichalcum ("mountain copper", an unknown alloy later identified as brass), iron (
) (+ a second symbol), iron ore [duplicates previous; would expect 
], iron filings (
), iron foil (♂⃞),
(25) iron rust [= iron ore?] , lead (
);
[right column]:
Sun - gold (), Moon - silver (), bright Saturn - lead (), resplendent Jupiter - electrum (Ƶ),
(5) flaming Mars - iron (), shining Venus - copper (
), bright Mercury - tin (
),
[lines 8–9 blank]
(10) lead ore (
), molybdochalkos (lead-copper alloy), lead filings (
), calcinated lead (
), tin (+ a variant form) (),
(15) tin ore (
), tin filings (
), tin foil (☿⃞), calcinated tin (
), mercury (
),
(20) 'fog' (condensed vapour) (Ⲛꙴ ), white concretion (coagulum, Ⲗ☾), yellow concretion (Ⲛꙴ 🜚︎), litharge (
), incombustible sulfur,
(25) sulfur, native sulfur, selenite (Ⲫ☾)
1888 reproduction of the medieval Venetian manuscript Marcianus graecus 299, folio 6. Translation:
Scientific symbols that are found in the technical writings of the philosophers; they are above all the symbols of what they call mystical philosophy
[left column]:
gold (
.svg){kind=small}
), gold filings (
), gold leaf/foil (🜚⃞), calcinated/refined gold (
), (5) electrum (
.svg){kind=small}
), gold solder (
), gold alloy (
), silver (.svg){kind=small}
), silver ore (
), (10) silver shavings (
), silver foil (☾⃞), silver solder (+ a second symbol), calcinated/refined silver (
), Cypriot copper (
), (15) copper ore (
.svg){kind=small}
), copper filings (
), copper foil (♀⃞), calcinated/oxidized copper (), verdigris (.svg){kind=small}
), (20) orichalcum ("mountain copper", an unknown alloy later identified as brass), iron (
.svg){kind=small}
) (+ a second symbol), iron ore [duplicates previous; would expect .svg){kind=small}
], iron filings (
), iron foil (♂⃞), (25) iron rust [= iron ore?] , lead (
); [right column]:
Sun - gold (
), Moon - silver (), bright Saturn - lead (), resplendent Jupiter - electrum (Ƶ), (5) flaming Mars - iron (
), shining Venus - copper (
), bright Mercury - tin (.svg){kind=small}
), [lines 8–9 blank]
(10) lead ore (
.svg){kind=small}
), molybdochalkos (lead-copper alloy), lead filings (
), calcinated lead (
), tin (+ a variant form) (), (15) tin ore (
.svg){kind=small}
), tin filings (
), tin foil (☿⃞), calcinated tin (
), mercury (.svg){kind=small}
), (20) 'fog' (condensed vapour) (Ⲛꙴ ), white concretion (coagulum, Ⲗ☾), yellow concretion (Ⲛꙴ 🜚︎), litharge (
), incombustible sulfur, (25) sulfur, native sulfur, selenite (Ⲫ☾)
Jupiter symbol.svg
Astronomical and astrological symbol for the planet Jupiter, and alchemical symbol of tin. Found at Unicode U+2643, renders as ♃.
Astronomical and astrological symbol for the planet Jupiter, and alchemical symbol of tin. Found at Unicode U+2643, renders as ♃.
.svg)
Air symbol (alchemical).svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for air = aerial elementary form (gas/vapour) = spring = blood humour
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for air = aerial elementary form (gas/vapour) = spring = blood humour
Arsenic symbol.svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for arsenic
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for arsenic
Mercury symbol.svg
Astronomical and astrological symbol for the planet Mercury, and alchemical symbol of mercury. Also found at Unicode U+263F (☿)
Astronomical and astrological symbol for the planet Mercury, and alchemical symbol of mercury. Also found at Unicode U+263F (☿)
Bismuth symbol.svg
Alchemical symbol for bismuth. Used by Torbern Bergman (1775).
Alchemical symbol for bismuth. Used by Torbern Bergman (1775).
.svg)
Zinc symbol (fixed width).svg
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for zinc in Bergman
Författare/Upphovsman: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
alchemical symbol for zinc in Bergman