Övertäckta broar i Lancaster county, Pennsylvania

Pine Grove Covered Bridge, byggd 1884.

Övertäckta broar är en vanlig syn över vattendrag i Lancaster County i den amerikanska delstaten Pennsylvania.

Sammanlagt finns 28[a] övertäckta broar i Lancaster County vilket är det högsta antalet för ett county i Pennsylvania.[2] Nationellt kan siffran jämföras med Parke County i Indiana, som med 31 övertäckta broar har flest i USA.[3]

Majoriteten av Lancaster Countys övertäckta broar är listade som kulturellt viktiga byggnader i National Register of Historic Places.[4]

Historia

En droska som nyss passerat Mercer's Mill Covered Bridge.

Det har uppskattats att det under 1800-talet byggdes 1 500 övertäckta broar i Pennsylvania,[5][2] varav 219 ännu finns kvar, av dessa finns 28 i Lancaster County.[2] Många av broarna har förstörts, skadats eller flutit iväg, som följd av bränder, översvämningar eller andra väderförhållanden. Ett exempel är orkanen Agnes som 1972 orsakade översvämningar vilka allvarligt skadade ett antal av countyts broar. I flera fall av skada har broarna restaurerats eller blivit ombyggda från grunden. Flera har genom åren förstärkts med stålbalkar för att broarna ska tåla mer tyngd.[6]

Countyts övertäckta broar har utnyttjats till turism på grund av deras kulturhistoriska betydelse, exempelvis anordnas guidade turer med syfte att besöka dem.[6] Turisters intresse för amishsamhällen och deras kultur främjar också broturismen. Lancaster county är det county med störst amishbefolkning i USA[7] och broarna förknippas ofta med amish som tar sig över dem med häst och vagn.[5][8]

Konstruktion och utseende

Konstruktion

Theodore Burrs patenterade fackverk.

Nästan alla övertäckta broar i Lancaster County är byggda med en variant av fackverk som på engelska kallas Burr truss, namngivet efter Theodore Burr, som fick patent på konstruktionsformen.[9] Burrs fackverk består av ett flertal vertikala huvudsparrar kombinerade med bågformade sparrar. Sparrarna bildar tillsammans en kombinering av hängverks- och bågbro där bågarna oftast anses fungera som den bärande delen, medan de vertikala sparrarna stöttar bågarna. Taket på bron förlänger konstruktionens livslängd eftersom den skyddas från väder.[10][11][12][13] Det har förekommit meningsskiljaktigheter kring huruvida bågarna är de mest bärande delarna i konstruktionen. Oavsett ståndpunkt innebär kombineringen av bärelementen att de övertäckta broarna inte kan kallas bågbroar, vilka bärs upp av enbart bågar.[10]

Utseende

Röd är den tradtitionella färgen på övertäckta broar i Lancaster county, medan broarnas entréer typiskt är målade vita. En del broar är målade röda även på insidan.[14]

Det finns ett fåtal undantag från färgsättningen, några exempel är att:

  • Pool Forge Covered Bridge och Shearer's Covered Bridge har även sina entréer rödmålade. Den senare är därtill rödmålad invändigt vilket gör den till den enda helt rödmålade bron.[6]
  • Det enda undantaget från någon rödmålning alls är Keller’s Mill Covered Bridge, som är målad vit.[15][6]
  • Medan nästan alla broar har vertikala plankor på sidorna, har tre horisontella.[6]

Befintliga övertäckta broar i Lancaster County

Namn och alternativa namnBildLängd (m)Över vattendrag[14]Byggd[b]Trafik
Baumgardener's Covered Bridge37Pequea creek1860Tillåten
Bitzer's Mill Covered Bridge27Conestoga river1846Tillåten
Bucher's Mill Covered Bridge
Butcher's Mill Covered Bridge
20Cocalico creek1891Tillåten
Colemanville Covered Bridge52Pequea creek1856Tillåten
Eichelberger's Covered Bridge
The Buck Hill Covered Bridge
Abram Hess' Mill Bridge
18Buck Hill Farm's pond1825Ej tillåten, på privat mark
Erb's Covered Bridge21Hammer creek1849Tillåten
Eshelman's Mill Covered Bridge
Leaman's Place Covered Bridge
Paradise Bridge
34Pequea creek1845Tillåten
Forry's Mill Covered Bridge31Chiques creek1869Tillåten
Hunsecker's Mill Covered Bridge55Conestoga river1843Tillåten
Jackson's Sawmill Covered Bridge42Octoraro creek1878Tillåten
Kauffman's Distillery Covered Bridge
Sporting Hill Bridge
29Chiques creek1857Tillåten
Keller's Mill Covered Bridge
Guy Bard Covered Bridge
Rettew's Covered Bridge
23Cocalico creek1873Tillåten
Kurtz's Mill Covered Bridge
County Park Covered Bridge
Baer's Mill Covered Bridge
Isaac Baer's Mill Bridge
Keystone Mill Covered Bridge
Binder Tongue Carrier Covered Bridge
29Mill creek1876Tillåten
Landis Mill Covered Bridge16Little Conestoga creek1873Tillåten
Lime Valley Covered Bridge
Strasburg Bridge
31Pequea creek1871Tillåten
Mercer's Mill Covered Bridge
Mercer's Ford Covered Bridge
24Octoraro creek1880Tillåten
Neff's Mill Covered Bridge
Bowman's Mill Covered Bridge
31Pequea creek1824Tillåten
Pine Grove Covered Bridge59Octoraro creek1884Tillåten
Pinetown Covered Bridge
Pinetown Bushong's Mill Covered Bridge
Nolte's Point Mill Bridge
Bushong's Mill Bridge
41Conestoga river1846Tillåten
Pool Forge Covered Bridge30Conestoga river1849Tillåten
Red Run Covered Bridge
Oberhaltzer's Covered Bridge
33Muddy creek[c]1866Ej tillåten, på privat mark
Schenck's Mill Covered Bridge
Shenk's Mill Covered Bridge
29Big Chiques creek1847Tillåten
Shearer's Mill Covered Bridge
Shearer's Covered Bridge
27Big Chiques creek1847Tillåten endast för fotgängare[16]
Siegrist's Mill Covered Bridge27Chiques creek1885Tillåten
Weaver's Mill Covered Bridge
Isaac Shearer's Mill Bridge
26Conestoga river1878Tillåten
White Rock Forge Covered Bridge
White Rock Covered Bridge
31Octoraro river1847Tillåten
Willow Hill Covered Bridge28Miller's run1962[d]Tillåten endast för fotgängare[17]
Zook's Mill Covered Bridge
Wenger Covered Bridge
Rose Hill Covered Bridge
23Cocalico creek1849Tillåten
Risser's Mill Covered Bridge, fotograferad 1970.

Tidigare övertäckta broar i countyt i urval

  • Daniel Good's Fording Covered Bridge – användes 1962 till att bygga Willow Hill Covered Bridge[17]
  • Herr's Mill Covered Bridge – ursprungligen byggd 1844, såldes 2018 för att byggas om som två nya broar.[1]
  • Miller's Farm Covered Bridge – användes 1962 till att bygga Willow Hill Covered Bridge[17]
  • Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge – tidigare bro för järnväg som gick över Susquehannafloden, på sin tid världens längsta övertäckta bro. Brändes ned under amerikanska inbördeskriget.
  • Risser's Mill Covered Bridge – byggd 1872, nedbränd av en pyroman 2002.[18]

Se även

Referenser

  1. ^ I källor till denna artikel varierar antalet mellan 28 och 29, om 29 är angivet är artikeln skriven före 2018 då Herr's Mill Covered Bridge, även kallad Soudersburg Bridge, såldes och flyttades.[1]
  2. ^ År då bron först upprättades. Några har byggts om efter att först ha upprättats.
  3. ^ Vattendraget är numera omlett, inget vatten under bron.
  4. ^ Byggd av kvarvarande delar från två av countyts tidigare broar.[17]

Noter

  1. ^ [a b] Gleiter, Dan (5 september 2018). ”Historic Lancaster County covered bridge dismantled, to be rebuilt at The Star Barn Village” (på engelska). Penn Live. https://www.pennlive.com/news/2018/09/lancaster_county_covered_bridg.html. 
  2. ^ [a b c] ”Covered Bridges of Lancaster County, PA” (på engelska). lancasterpa.com. https://lancasterpa.com/things-to-do/outdoors/covered-bridges/. 
  3. ^ ”Parke County, Indiana” (på engelska). Parke County Convention & Vistors Commission. https://www.coveredbridges.com/. ”“The Covered Bridge Capital of the World” with our 31 Covered Bridges all found in a rustic, charming setting.” 
  4. ^ ”PENNSYLVANIA - Lancaster County” (på engelska). American Dreams Inc. https://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/PA/Lancaster/state.html. 
  5. ^ [a b] ”Amish Covered Bridges” (på engelska). Amish Village. 17 juni 2016. https://www.amishvillage.com/blog/amish-covered-bridges/. 
  6. ^ [a b c d e] ”Lancaster County” (på engelska). Pennsylvania Covered Bridges. http://pacoveredbridges.com/lancaster-county/. 
  7. ^ ”Twelve Largest Settlements, 2020” (på engelska). Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies, Elizabethtown College. 11 mars 2020. https://groups.etown.edu/amishstudies/statistics/twelve-largest-settlements-2020/. 
  8. ^ ”Covered Bridges in Lancaster PA” (på engelska). Historic Smithton Inn Room. 2 april 2022. https://www.historicsmithtoninn.com/blog/covered-bridges-in-lancaster-pa. 
  9. ^ Griggs Jr, F.E. (2004). ”Standing the Test of Time – Theodore Burr’s Wooden Bridge Designs” (på engelska). Structure Magazine. https://www.structuremag.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Great-Achievements6.pdf. ”After his death the most common wooden bridge built, with the possible exception of the Town Truss, was the so-called Burr Arch. Many of the surviving wooden bridges were built to Burr’s Patent or a modification of it.”. 
  10. ^ [a b] ”The Burr Truss” (på engelska). nycoveredbridges.org. Arkiverad från originalet den 8 september 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060908112144/http://www.nycoveredbridges.org/page44.html. Läst 15 november 2022. 
  11. ^ ”Truss Types” (på engelska). The Theodore Burr Covered Bridge Society of Pennsylvania. http://www.tbcbspa.com/trusses.htm. 
  12. ^ Calvert, J.B (12 oktober 2000). ”The Burr Truss – Not every wooden trussed arch was a Burr truss” (på engelska). University of Denver. Arkiverad från originalet den 3 augusti 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060803065121/http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/tech/burr.htm. Läst 15 november 2022. 
  13. ^ Gasparini, Dario, Hursen, Stacey, Willenkin, Gregory och Nizamiev, Kamil (11 mars 2016). ”STRENGTH OF BURR-ARCH TRUSSES – HAER No. OH-138” (på engelska). The National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/oh/oh2000/oh2009/data/oh2009data.pdf. 
  14. ^ [a b] ”Covered Bridges in Lancaster PA” (på engelska). Visit Lancaster PA. http://www.visitlancasterpa.com/Lancaster-County/Covered-Bridges/. ”It is painted red on the outside, the traditional color of Lancaster County covered bridges. Both approaches to the bridge are painted in the traditional white color.” 
  15. ^ Cheney, Jim (20 juli 2021). ”Visiting the Covered Bridges of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania” (på engelska). Uncovering PA. https://uncoveringpa.com/covered-bridges-of-lancaster-county-pennsylvania. 
  16. ^ ”Shearer’s Covered Bridge” (på engelska). The Pennsylvania Rambler. 8 juli 2022. https://thepennsylvaniarambler.com/2022/07/08/shearers-covered-bridge/. 
  17. ^ [a b c d] Eichelberger, Bill (16 oktober 2008). ”Willow Hill Covered Bridge 38-36-43” (på engelska). Historic Bridge Foundation. https://bridgehunter.com/pa/lancaster/willow-hill-covered/. 
  18. ^ Robinson, Ryan och Hoober III, John M. (8 juli 2002). ”Arsonist destroys 130-year-old covered bridge” (på engelska). Lancaster New Era: s. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/567539732/?clipping_id=54832315&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjU2NzUzOTczMiwiaWF0IjoxNjY4NTM2NjAxLCJleHAiOjE2Njg2MjMwMDF9.3JqNoCVTD6lJQumalvSU9mtHDN8OJ29mNi7e5f6qTMA. 

Media som används på denna webbplats

Neff's Mill Covered Bridge Wide 3008px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2007 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A wide angle photograph of the side of the Neff's Mill Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 14mm (21mm in 35mm equivalent) f/13 @ 1/180 s. (800 ISO)
Willow Hill Covered Bridge Side View 3000px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5
A photograph of the Willow Hill Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania showing the side of the bridge.
Bucher's Mill Covered Bridge Full Side 3008px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph of full side of the Bucher's Mill Covered Bridge. The bridge is located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 24mm (36mm in 35mm equivalent) f/9.5 @ 1/30 s.
Buck Hill Farm Covered Bridge Three Quarters HDR 2950px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2007 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: GFDL 1.2

A three-quarters view photograph of the Buck Hill Farm Covered Bridge. The bridge is located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Special thanks to the private owners of this bridge who gave permission for this photo to be taken.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 12mm (18mm in 35mm equivalent) f/11 @ 1/80 s. (200 ISO)
Detta är en retuscherad eller på annat sätt behandlad bild, med vilket menas att den har redigerats digitalt från sitt original. Redigeringar: This image is a high dynamic range composite of three source images. The three shots were taken in aperture priority mode with shutter speeds of 1/50, 1/80, and 1/125. All other settings were identical..

Pine Grove Covered Bridge Wide Side View 3000px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A wide angle photograph of the side of the Pine Grove Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Nikon Nikkor ED AF-S DX 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G
Exposure: 18mm (27mm in 35mm equivalent) f/8 @ 1/125 s.
Siegrist's Mill Covered Bridge from the air-2.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Frank Wilder, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Siegrist's Mill Covered Bridge from the air
Shearer's Covered Bridge Three Quarters View 3008px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2007 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: GFDL 1.2

A three-quarters view photograph of the Shearer's Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 22mm (33mm in 35mm equivalent) f/11 @ 1/15 s. (200 ISO)
This image is a high dynamic range composite of three images. The EXIF data is for the middle exposure. The remaining exposures were +/- 0.5ev.
Mercer's Mill Covered Bridge 2600px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: GFDL 1.2

A photograph of the Mercer's Mill Covered Bridge located on the county line between Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and Chester County, Pennsylvania. The picture includes an Amish buggy having just gone through the bridge.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Nikon Nikkor ED AF-S DX 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G
Exposure: 18mm (27mm in 35mm equivalent) f/3.5 @ 1/125 s.
Colemanville Covered Bridge 0505 8x10 R4.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: RJWillems, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
The Colemanville Covered Bridge was built in 1856.
Pool Forge Covered Bridge Inside Burr Arch Truss 3264px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph of the inside of the Pool Forge Covered Bridge showing the Burr arch truss.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon Coolpix 8700
Lens: Nikon Zoom Nikkor ED 8.9-71.2mm 1:2.8-4.2
Exposure: 8.9mm (35mm in 35mm equivalent) f/5 @ 5/7 s. (50 ISO)
Red Run Covered Bridge Front 3008px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2007 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph of the Red Run Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 12mm (18mm in 35mm equivalent) f/4 @ 1/125 s. (200 ISO)
Forry's Mill Covered Bridge from the air-2.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Frank Wilder, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Forry's Mill Covered Bridge from the air
Hunsecker's Mill Covered Bridge Three Quarters View 3008px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph of the Hunsecker's Mill Covered Bridge showing a three quarters view. The bridge is located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 14mm (21mm in 35mm equivalent) f/8 @ 1/125 s.
Weaver's Mill Covered Bridge Three Quarters View 3008px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A three-quarters view photograph of the Weaver's Mill Covered Bridge.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 24mm (36mm in 35mm equivalent) f/11 @ 1/125 s. (200 ISO)
Kurtz's Mill Covered Bridge Approach 2997px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph of one of the approaches to the Kurtz's Mill Covered Bridge. The bridge is located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon Coolpix 8700
Lens: Nikon Zoom Nikkor ED 8.9-71.2mm 1:2.8-4.2
Exposure: 17.8mm (70mm in 35mm equivalent) f/3.3 @ 2/111 s. (50 ISO)
Kauffman's Distillery Covered Bridge from the air-2.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Frank Wilder, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Kauffman's Distillery Covered Bridge from the air
Schenck's Mill Covered Bridge Side View 3000px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A side view photograph of the Schenck's Mill Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 12mm (18mm in 35mm equivalent) f/8 @ 1/180 s.
Kellers Mill Covered Bridge Side View 3000px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph of side of the Keller's Mill Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 24mm (36mm in 35mm equivalent) f/8 @ 1/180 s.
Pinetown Bushong's Mill Covered Bridge Side 3008px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2007 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph of the side of the Pinetown Bushong's Mill Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 24mm (36mm in 35mm equivalent) f/9.5 @ 1/45 s. (200 ISO)
Bitzer's Mill Covered Bridge Damaged Side 2000px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph of the side of the Bitzer's Mill Covered Bridge showing damage and some profanity graffiti. The bridge is located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. This is the damaged west side, consistent with the other photos in the series.


Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon Coolpix 8700
Lens: Nikon Zoom Nikkor ED 8.9-71.2mm 1:2.8-4.2
Exposure: 8.9mm (35mm in 35mm equivalent) f/3.5 @ 1/160 s. (50 ISO)
Leaman's Place Covered Bridge Three-Quarters View 3008px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2007 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A three-quarters view photograph of the Leaman's Place Covered Bridge. The bridge is located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Nikon Nikkor ED AF-S DX 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G
Exposure: 50mm (75mm in 35mm equivalent) f/5.6 @ 1/320 s. (400 ISO)
Erb's Covered Bridge Side View 3000px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph of the Erb's Covered Bridge showing the side of the bridge. The bridge is located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 22mm (33mm in 35mm equivalent) f/11 @ 1/180 s.
Zook's Mill Covered Bridge Side View 3000px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph showing the side of the Zook's Mill Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Nikon Nikkor ED AF-S DX 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G
Exposure: 12mm (18mm in 35mm equivalent) f/11 @ 1/45 s.
Pool Forge Covered Bridge from South.JPG
Författare/Upphovsman: Smallbones, Licens: CC0
Pool Forge Covered Bridge in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, looking north. Bridge is listed separately on NRHP and is also a contributing structure in the Poole Forge Historic District. "Poole" and "Pool" are used according to the NRHP nominations here.


This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 80003510.

Baumgardener's Covered Bridge Side View 3008px.JPG
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph of the Baumgardener's Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The picture is taken from the side showing about 80% of the bridge.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 12mm (18mm in 35mm equivalent) f/9.5 @ 1/125 s.
RISSER'S MILL COVERED BRIDGE.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: JERRYE & ROY KLOTZ MD, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
HORST MILL/RISSER'S MILL/SAM HOPKINS CB OVER LITTLE CHICKIES CREEK; 1849 BURR; 82’
Lime Valley Covered Bridge Three Quarters View 3008px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A three quarters view photograph of the Lime Valley Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Tokina 12-24mm f/4
Exposure: 12mm (18mm in 35mm equivalent) f/16 @ 1/30 s.
White Rock Forge Covered Bridge Side Window 3008px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A photograph of one of the sides of the White Rock Forge Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon D50
Lens: Nikon Nikkor ED AF-S DX 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G
Exposure: 18mm (27mm in 35mm equivalent) f/5.6 @ 1/180 s.
Jackson's Sawmill Covered Bridge Three Quarters View 3264px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: GFDL 1.2

A three-quarters view photograph of the Jackson's Sawmill Covered Bridge located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The image was taken near the end of the day before the sun set.

Camera and Exposure Details:
Camera: Nikon Coolpix 8700
Lens: Nikon Zoom Nikkor ED 8.9-71.2mm 1:2.8-4.2
Exposure: 8.9mm (35mm in 35mm equivalent) f/5.6 @ 1/142.2 s.


Detta är en retuscherad eller på annat sätt behandlad bild, med vilket menas att den har redigerats digitalt från sitt original. Redigeringar: This image is a high dynamic range composite of two source images. The composite was created through a manual process without the aid of any HDR algorithms. The EXIF information refers to the longer exposure, which accounts for most of the image data. Most of the image data from the shorter exposure was in the sky..

Landis Mill Covered Bridge Three Quarters View 3008px.jpg
Författare/Upphovsman: Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5
A three quarters view photograph of the Landis Mill Covered Bridge. The bridge is located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.